device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu' model = Model().to(device) 报错CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate 4.93 GiB (GPU 0; 6.00 GiB total capacity; 1.48 GiB already allocated; 3.16 GiB free; 1.49 GiB reserved in total by PyTorch) If reserved memory is >> allocated memory try setting max_split_size_mb to avoid fragmentation. See documentation for Memory Management and PYTORCH_CUDA_ALLOC_CONF 如何解决，生成相关代码

你可以尝试调整 PyTorch 的内存管理参数 max_split_size_mb 来避免内存碎片化，具体的代码实现如下：

import torch

# 设置 PyTorch 内存管理参数
torch.backends.cuda.max_split_size = 256000000
torch.backends.cuda.cache_allocated = True

# 检查是否有可用的 GPU
if torch.cuda.is_available():
    device = torch.device('cuda')
else:
    device = torch.device('cpu')

# 把模型移动到 GPU 上
model = Model().to(device)

这里我将 max_split_size_mb 设置为 256000000，你可以根据需要进行调整。同时，我设置了 cache_allocated 参数为 True，这个参数可以在 GPU 内存不足时释放已经分配的内存，从而避免 out of memory 的错误。

希望这个代码片段能够帮助你解决问题。

相关问题

use_cuda = torch.cuda.is_available() FloatTensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if use_cuda else torch.FloatTensor device = torch.device("cpu") #使用GPU进行训练 from torch.autograd import Variable from replay_buffer import ReplayMemory, Transition # set up matplotlib is_ipython = 'inline' in matplotlib.get_backend() if is_ipython: from IPython import display #plt.ion() use_cuda = torch.cuda.is_available() FloatTensor = torch.cuda.FloatTensor if use_cuda else torch.FloatTensor device = torch.device("cpu")把这段代码改成CPU训练

您可以像这样将上述代码更改为在CPU上进行训练：

import torch
from torch.autograd import Variable
from replay_buffer import ReplayMemory, Transition

device = torch.device("cpu")  # 使用CPU进行训练

# 设置matplotlib
is_ipython = 'inline' in matplotlib.get_backend()
if is_ipython:
    from IPython import display

# 定义FloatTensor
FloatTensor = torch.FloatTensor

# 创建replay buffer
memory = ReplayMemory(10000)

# 将模型和优化器移动到CPU上
model = DQN().to(device)
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters())

# 定义状态转换函数
def state_to_tensor(state):
    return FloatTensor([state])

# 训练模型
for i in range(num_episodes):
    state = env.reset()
    for t in count():
        # 获取动作
        action = select_action(state)
        # 执行动作并获取下一状态、奖励、是否结束
        next_state, reward, done, _ = env.step(action.item())
        # 转换状态和动作为张量
        state_tensor = state_to_tensor(state)
        action_tensor = LongTensor([action])
        next_state_tensor = state_to_tensor(next_state)
        # 存储状态转换
        memory.push(state_tensor, action_tensor, next_state_tensor, reward)
        # 更新状态
        state = next_state
        # 训练模型
        optimize_model()
        if done:
            break

这里我们将使用CPU进行训练，所以我们将`device`设为`torch.device("cpu")`；将`FloatTensor`设为`torch.FloatTensor`即可。同时，我们还需要将模型和优化器移动到CPU上，可以使用`to`方法将它们移动到CPU上。

LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下：class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下：# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数

好的，以下是使用 LDAM 损失函数训练模型的代码示例：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from ldam_loss import LDAMLoss  # 假设你已经将 LDAM 损失函数的代码存放在 ldam_loss.py 文件中

# 设置全局参数
model_lr = 1e-5
BATCH_SIZE = 16
EPOCHS = 50
DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
use_amp = True
use_dp = True
classes = 7
resume = None
CLIP_GRAD = 5.0
Best_ACC = 0
use_ema = True
model_ema_decay = 0.9998
start_epoch = 1
seed = 1

# 设置随机种子
def seed_everything(seed):
    torch.manual_seed(seed)
    torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)
    random.seed(seed)
seed_everything(seed)

# 数据增强 mixup
mixup_fn = Mixup(
    mixup_alpha=0.8,
    cutmix_alpha=1.0,
    cutmix_minmax=None,
    prob=0.1,
    switch_prob=0.5,
    mode='batch',
    label_smoothing=0.1,
    num_classes=classes
)

# 加载数据集
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.CIFAR10('./data', train=True, download=True, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
        transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
    ])),
    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True
)
test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    datasets.CIFAR10('./data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
        transforms.ToTensor(),
        transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
    ])),
    batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False, num_workers=4, pin_memory=True
)

# 定义模型
class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.pool(F.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = x.view(-1, 16 * 5 * 5)
        x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        return x

# 初始化模型和优化器
model = Net().to(DEVICE)
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=model_lr)

# 如果 resume 不为空，则从指定的 checkpoint 恢复模型和优化器
if resume is not None:
    checkpoint = torch.load(resume)
    model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model'])
    optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
    start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
    Best_ACC = checkpoint['Best_ACC']
    print(f"Resuming from checkpoint {resume}, epoch {start_epoch}")

# 使用 LDAM 损失函数
cls_num_list = [1000] * classes
criterion = LDAMLoss(cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, s=30).to(DEVICE)

# 训练模型
for epoch in range(start_epoch, EPOCHS + 1):
    train_loss = 0
    train_acc = 0
    model.train()
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data, target = data.to(DEVICE), target.to(DEVICE)
        data, target_a, target_b, lam = mixup_fn(data, target)  # mixup 增强
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = lam * criterion(output, target_a) + (1 - lam) * criterion(output, target_b)  # 计算 mixup 后的损失函数
        loss.backward()
        if CLIP_GRAD:
            torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), CLIP_GRAD)  # 梯度裁剪
        optimizer.step()
        train_loss += loss.item() * data.size(0)
        pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
        train_acc += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

    train_loss /= len(train_loader.dataset)
    train_acc /= len(train_loader.dataset)

    # 计算测试集上的损失和准确率
    test_loss = 0
    test_acc = 0
    model.eval()
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data, target in test_loader:
            data, target = data.to(DEVICE), target.to(DEVICE)
            output = model(data)
            test_loss += F.cross_entropy(output, target, reduction='sum').item()
            pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
            test_acc += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()

    test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
    test_acc /= len(test_loader.dataset)

    # 更新 Best_ACC 并保存模型
    if test_acc > Best_ACC:
        Best_ACC = test_acc
        state = {
            'model': model.state_dict(),
            'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
            'epoch': epoch,
            'Best_ACC': Best_ACC
        }
        torch.save(state, f'model_epoch_{epoch}_acc_{Best_ACC:.4f}.pth')

    # 打印训练日志
    print(f"Epoch {epoch}/{EPOCHS}: train_loss={train_loss:.4f} train_acc={train_acc:.4f} test_loss={test_loss:.4f} test_acc={test_acc:.4f}")

这里使用的是 CIFAR-10 数据集和一个简单的卷积神经网络模型，你需要将其替换成你自己的数据集和模型。