添加请求参数headers,参数至少要包含user-agent、host和referer信息。
时间: 2024-10-23 19:21:46 浏览: 106
在HTTP请求中,添加头部信息是非常常见的,特别是当需要传递客户端特定的信息时。"Headers"是一个关键部分,它包含了关于请求的一些元数据。其中,`User-Agent`表示浏览器或应用程序的标识,`Host`指定了服务器的域名或IP地址,`Referer`则是上一个页面链接到当前页面的URL。
具体操作步骤通常是这样的:
1. **设置HTTP客户端**:如果你是在编程中发送请求,如使用Python的requests库,可以这样做:
```python
import requests
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Your-Application-Name/Version (your-user-agent-string)',
'Host': 'example.com',
'Referer': 'https://previous-url.com'
}
response = requests.get('http://target-url.com', headers=headers)
```
2. **在浏览器中**,虽然我们无法直接修改浏览器发出的请求头,但在开发者工具中可以查看并模拟它们。
重要的是,保持这些信息的准确性和合规性,比如用户代理字符串应反映出真实的软件版本和平台信息,以免被服务器识别为恶意请求。
相关问题
VBA写一个爬虫其中包含Host,Referer,User-Agent,Cookie请求头
以下是使用VBA编写基本的爬虫代码,并包含了Host、Referer、User-Agent和Cookie请求头:
```
Sub webScraping()
Dim xmlHttp As Object
Dim htmlDoc As Object
Dim url As String
Dim headers As String
' 设置请求URL和请求头信息
url = "https://example.com"
headers = "Host: example.com" & vbCrLf & _
"Referer: https://www.google.com/" & vbCrLf & _
"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3" & vbCrLf & _
"Cookie: SESSIONID=1234567890abcdef"
' 创建XMLHttpRequest对象
Set xmlHttp = CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
' 发送GET请求
xmlHttp.Open "GET", url, False
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Connection", "keep-alive"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Accept-Language", "en-US,en;q=0.9"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Cache-Control", "max-age=0"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests", "1"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Pragma", "no-cache"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "DNT", "1"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Fetch-Site", "none"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Fetch-Mode", "navigate"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Fetch-User", "?1"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Fetch-Dest", "document"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Ch-Ua", """Google Chrome"";v=""93"", "" Not;A Brand"";v=""99"", ""Chromium"";v=""93"""
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile", "?0"
' 添加自定义请求头
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Host", "example.com"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Referer", "https://www.google.com/"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3"
xmlHttp.setRequestHeader "Cookie", "SESSIONID=1234567890abcdef"
' 发送请求并获取响应
xmlHttp.send
' 解析响应内容
Set htmlDoc = CreateObject("HTMLfile")
htmlDoc.body.innerHTML = xmlHttp.responseText
' 输出响应结果
Debug.Print htmlDoc.body.innerHTML
End Sub
```
请注意,上述示例代码仅供参考,并且具体的请求头信息需要根据实际情况进行调整。同时,还需要注意网站是否允许爬虫访问,否则可能会触发反爬虫机制。
import requests import time headers = { 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36', 'referer': 'http://fund.eastmoney.com/400015.html?spm=search' } params = { "scheme": "http", "host": "api.fund.eastmoney.com", "path": "/f10/lsjz", "query": { "callback": "jQuery18303118265739643302_1690164521076", "fundCode": "400015", "pageIndex": "6", "pageSize": "20", "startDate": "", "endDate": "", "_": "1690165052233" } } res = requests.get( 'http://fundf10.eastmoney.com/jjjz_400015.html.api', params=params, headers=headers) LSJZ = res.json()['Data']['LSJZList'] for i in LSJZ: print("单位净值:",i['DWJZ']) 这段代码运行不起来,修改一下使其正常运行
这段代码无法正常运行的原因是,params参数被错误地添加到了请求的URL中。正确的做法是将params作为requests.get()函数的参数传递,而不是将其作为URL的一部分。
以下是修正后的代码:
```python
import requests
import time
headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36',
'referer': 'http://fund.eastmoney.com/400015.html?spm=search'
}
params = {
"callback": "jQuery18303118265739643302_1690164521076",
"fundCode": "400015",
"pageIndex": "6",
"pageSize": "20",
"startDate": "",
"endDate": "",
"_": "1690165052233"
}
url = 'http://api.fund.eastmoney.com/f10/lsjz'
res = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers)
LSJZ = res.json()['Data']['LSJZList']
for i in LSJZ:
print("单位净值:", i['DWJZ'])
```
这样修改后的代码会将params参数正确地传递给requests.get()函数,并且使用正确的URL进行请求。然后可以成功获取数据并打印出单位净值。
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