1 positional argument expected

"1 positional argument expected"错误通常发生在函数调用时，因为参数数量不匹配而导致函数无法正常工作。一般来说，这个错误的意思是你需要传递一个位置参数，但是你未传递。这可能是因为你没有按正确的参数顺序传递参数，或者你忘记传递一个参数。解决这个问题的方法包括检查你的函数定义和调用是否正确，以及确保你传递了正确的参数数量和顺序。

--相关问题--:

相关问题

pso() missing 1 required positional argument: 'ub'

The error "pso() missing 1 required positional argument: 'ub'" occurs when you are trying to call the function pso() with one or more missing arguments. Specifically, it is indicating that you have not provided the required argument 'ub' which is expected by the function.

To resolve this error, you need to provide the missing argument 'ub' to the pso() function. The argument 'ub' typically refers to the upper bound of the problem domain.

For example, if you have a function called 'my_func' that you are trying to optimize using PSO and the upper bound of the problem domain is 10, you can call the pso() function as follows:

from pyswarms.single.global_best import GlobalBestPSO

# Define the bounds of the problem domain
bounds = (0, 10)

# Define the PSO optimizer
optimizer = GlobalBestPSO(n_particles=10, dimensions=2, options={'c1': 0.5, 'c2': 0.3, 'w':0.9})

# Optimize the function using PSO
cost, pos = optimizer.optimize(my_func, iters=100, ub=bounds)

In this example, the bounds of the problem domain are defined as (0, 10) and passed to the PSO optimizer using the 'ub' parameter. This should resolve the error and allow you to successfully optimize the function using PSO.

convolution() missing 1 required positional argument: 'filter'

The error message "convolution() missing 1 required positional argument: 'filter'" indicates that the function 'convolution' is missing an argument that is required to be passed in. Specifically, the argument named 'filter' is missing.

To fix this error, you need to provide the required argument for 'filter' when calling the 'convolution' function. Make sure that the argument is of the correct data type and has the expected value.