用 C 语言实现 LFU 算法
时间: 2023-06-05 09:06:40 浏览: 151
很高兴回答你的问题。LFU(Least Frequently Used)算法是一种缓存淘汰算法,用于在内存中缓存最近使用频率最低的数据。要使用 C 语言实现 LFU 算法,需要使用数据结构,如哈希表或双向链表,来快速访问缓存中的数据,并使用计数器来跟踪每个数据项的使用频率。实现过程包括以下步骤:
1. 初始化哈希表或双向链表,其中包含缓存的数据项;
2. 创建一个计数器数组,用于记录每个数据项的使用频率;
3. 当有新的数据项插入缓存时,将其插入哈希表或双向链表中,并将其使用频率记录为1;
4. 当缓存达到最大容量时,删除使用频率最低的数据项,即计数器数组中的最小值;
5. 每次访问缓存中的数据项时,将其使用频率加1,并更新计数器数组;
6. 如果缓存中存在多个使用频率相同的数据项,删除最先进入缓存的数据项。
希望对你有所帮助。
相关问题
lfu算法c语言
以下是 C 语言实现的 LFU 算法示例:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define CACHE_SIZE 5
typedef struct Node {
int key;
int value;
int freq;
struct Node *prev;
struct Node *next;
} Node;
typedef struct {
Node *head;
Node *tail;
} List;
typedef struct {
int size;
int capacity;
List *freq_list;
Node **cache;
} LFUCache;
Node *create_node(int key, int value) {
Node *node = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
node->key = key;
node->value = value;
node->freq = 1;
node->prev = NULL;
node->next = NULL;
return node;
}
List *create_list() {
List *list = (List *)malloc(sizeof(List));
list->head = NULL;
list->tail = NULL;
return list;
}
LFUCache *create_cache(int capacity) {
LFUCache *cache = (LFUCache *)malloc(sizeof(LFUCache));
cache->size = 0;
cache->capacity = capacity;
cache->freq_list = (List *)malloc(sizeof(List) * (CACHE_SIZE + 1));
cache->cache = (Node **)calloc(capacity, sizeof(Node *));
return cache;
}
void delete_node(LFUCache *cache, Node *node) {
List *list = &cache->freq_list[node->freq];
if (node->prev == NULL) {
list->head = node->next;
} else {
node->prev->next = node->next;
}
if (node->next == NULL) {
list->tail = node->prev;
} else {
node->next->prev = node->prev;
}
cache->size--;
free(node);
}
void insert_node(LFUCache *cache, Node *node) {
List *list = &cache->freq_list[node->freq];
if (list->head == NULL) {
list->head = node;
list->tail = node;
} else {
node->next = list->head;
list->head->prev = node;
list->head = node;
}
cache->size++;
}
void update_node(LFUCache *cache, Node *node) {
delete_node(cache, node);
node->freq++;
insert_node(cache, node);
}
void remove_least_frequent_node(LFUCache *cache) {
int i = 1;
List *list;
while (i <= CACHE_SIZE && (list = &cache->freq_list[i])->head == NULL) {
i++;
}
if (i > CACHE_SIZE) {
return;
}
Node *node = list->tail;
delete_node(cache, node);
cache->cache[node->key] = NULL;
}
int get(LFUCache *cache, int key) {
if (cache->capacity == 0) {
return -1;
}
Node *node = cache->cache[key];
if (node == NULL) {
return -1;
}
update_node(cache, node);
return node->value;
}
void put(LFUCache *cache, int key, int value) {
if (cache->capacity == 0) {
return;
}
Node *node = cache->cache[key];
if (node == NULL) {
if (cache->size == cache->capacity) {
remove_least_frequent_node(cache);
}
node = create_node(key, value);
cache->cache[key] = node;
insert_node(cache, node);
} else {
node->value = value;
update_node(cache, node);
}
}
int main() {
LFUCache *cache = create_cache(2);
put(cache, 1, 1);
put(cache, 2, 2);
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 1)); // 1
put(cache, 3, 3);
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 2)); // -1
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 3)); // 3
put(cache, 4, 4);
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 1)); // -1
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 3)); // 3
printf("%d\n", get(cache, 4)); // 4
return 0;
}
```
该示例中,LFUCache 结构体表示 LFU 缓存,它包含了缓存的大小、容量、频率列表和缓存数组。Node 结构体表示缓存中的节点,它包含了键、值、频率以及前驱和后继节点。List 结构体表示频率列表,它包含了头节点和尾节点。create_node() 函数用于创建节点,create_list() 函数用于创建列表,create_cache() 函数用于创建缓存。delete_node() 函数用于删除节点,insert_node() 函数用于插入节点,update_node() 函数用于更新节点,remove_least_frequent_node() 函数用于删除最不经常使用的节点。get() 函数用于获取缓存中指定键的值,put() 函数用于向缓存中插入指定键值对。
示例中的 put() 函数实现比较复杂,需要分别处理插入新节点和更新已有节点的情况,还需要删除最不经常使用的节点以腾出空间。因此,put() 函数的时间复杂度为 O(log n),其中 n 为缓存的容量。get() 函数的实现相对简单,只需要更新节点的频率即可,因此时间复杂度为 O(1)。
用c语言实现页面置换算法的先进先出(FIFO)算法,最近最久未使用(LRU)算法,时钟(Clock)算法,最不经常使用(LFU)算法,最优(OPT)算法
以下是使用 C 语言实现不同页面置换算法的示例代码:
1. 先进先出(FIFO)算法
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, frames, hits = 0, faults = 0, index = 0, flag = 0;
printf("Enter the number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int reference_string[n];
printf("Enter the reference string: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &reference_string[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of frames: ");
scanf("%d", &frames);
int frame[frames];
for(int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
frame[i] = -1;
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flag = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j] == reference_string[i]) {
hits++;
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 0) {
frame[index] = reference_string[i];
faults++;
index++;
if(index == frames) {
index = 0;
}
}
printf("Reference string: ");
for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", reference_string[j]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Frames: ");
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
printf("%d ", frame[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Page faults: %d\n", faults);
printf("Page hits: %d\n", hits);
printf("Hit ratio: %f\n", (float)hits/n);
return 0;
}
```
2. 最近最久未使用(LRU)算法
```c
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, frames, hits = 0, faults = 0, min, index, flag;
printf("Enter the number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int reference_string[n];
printf("Enter the reference string: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &reference_string[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of frames: ");
scanf("%d", &frames);
int frame[frames];
int counter[frames];
for(int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
frame[i] = -1;
counter[i] = 0;
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flag = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j] == reference_string[i]) {
hits++;
flag = 1;
counter[j] = i;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 0) {
faults++;
min = counter[0];
index = 0;
for(int j = 1; j < frames; j++) {
if(counter[j] < min) {
min = counter[j];
index = j;
}
}
frame[index] = reference_string[i];
counter[index] = i;
}
printf("Reference string: ");
for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", reference_string[j]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Frames: ");
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
printf("%d ", frame[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Page faults: %d\n", faults);
printf("Page hits: %d\n", hits);
printf("Hit ratio: %f\n", (float)hits/n);
return 0;
}
```
3. 时钟(Clock)算法
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int page;
int use_bit;
} Frame;
int main() {
int n, frames, hits = 0, faults = 0, flag;
printf("Enter the number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int reference_string[n];
printf("Enter the reference string: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &reference_string[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of frames: ");
scanf("%d", &frames);
Frame frame[frames];
for(int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
frame[i].page = -1;
frame[i].use_bit = 0;
}
int pointer = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flag = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j].page == reference_string[i]) {
hits++;
frame[j].use_bit = 1;
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 0) {
faults++;
while(frame[pointer].use_bit == 1) {
frame[pointer].use_bit = 0;
pointer = (pointer + 1) % frames;
}
frame[pointer].page = reference_string[i];
frame[pointer].use_bit = 1;
pointer = (pointer + 1) % frames;
}
printf("Reference string: ");
for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", reference_string[j]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Frames: ");
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
printf("%d ", frame[j].page);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Page faults: %d\n", faults);
printf("Page hits: %d\n", hits);
printf("Hit ratio: %f\n", (float)hits/n);
return 0;
}
```
4. 最不经常使用(LFU)算法
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
int page;
int freq;
} Frame;
int main() {
int n, frames, hits = 0, faults = 0, flag, min, index;
printf("Enter the number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int reference_string[n];
printf("Enter the reference string: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &reference_string[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of frames: ");
scanf("%d", &frames);
Frame frame[frames];
for(int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
frame[i].page = -1;
frame[i].freq = 0;
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flag = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j].page == reference_string[i]) {
hits++;
flag = 1;
frame[j].freq++;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 0) {
faults++;
min = frame[0].freq;
index = 0;
for(int j = 1; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j].freq < min) {
min = frame[j].freq;
index = j;
}
}
frame[index].page = reference_string[i];
frame[index].freq = 1;
}
printf("Reference string: ");
for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", reference_string[j]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Frames: ");
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
printf("%d(%d) ", frame[j].page, frame[j].freq);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Page faults: %d\n", faults);
printf("Page hits: %d\n", hits);
printf("Hit ratio: %f\n", (float)hits/n);
return 0;
}
```
5. 最优(OPT)算法
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int n, frames, hits = 0, faults = 0, max, index, flag;
printf("Enter the number of pages: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int reference_string[n];
printf("Enter the reference string: ");
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
scanf("%d", &reference_string[i]);
}
printf("Enter the number of frames: ");
scanf("%d", &frames);
int frame[frames];
for(int i = 0; i < frames; i++) {
frame[i] = -1;
}
int next[n];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
next[i] = -1;
for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if(reference_string[j] == reference_string[i]) {
next[i] = j;
break;
}
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
flag = 0;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(frame[j] == reference_string[i]) {
hits++;
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if(flag == 0) {
faults++;
max = -1;
index = -1;
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
if(next[frame[j]] == -1) {
index = j;
break;
}
if(next[frame[j]] > max) {
max = next[frame[j]];
index = j;
}
}
frame[index] = reference_string[i];
}
printf("Reference string: ");
for(int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", reference_string[j]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Frames: ");
for(int j = 0; j < frames; j++) {
printf("%d ", frame[j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Page faults: %d\n", faults);
printf("Page hits: %d\n", hits);
printf("Hit ratio: %f\n", (float)hits/n);
return 0;
}
```
以上是使用 C 语言实现不同页面置换算法的示例代码,每个算法的实现方式略有不同,但都是基于相同的基本思想。
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