为这段代码添加中文释义import heapq from collections import defaultdict def huffman_encoding(data): # 计算字符频率 freq = defaultdict(int) for char in data: freq[char] += 1 # 将频率转化为堆 heap = [[weight, [char, ""]] for char, weight in freq.items()] heapq.heapify(heap) # 合并堆中的节点，生成霍夫曼编码树 while len(heap) > 1: low = heapq.heappop(heap) high = heapq.heappop(heap) for pair in low[1:]: pair[1] = '0' + pair[1] for pair in high[1:]: pair[1] = '1' + pair[1] heapq.heappush(heap, [low[0] + high[0]] + low[1:] + high[1:]) # 生成霍夫曼编码表 code_table = dict(heapq.heappop(heap)[1:]) # 编码 encoded_data = "" for char in data: encoded_data += code_table[char] return encoded_data, code_table def huffman_decoding(encoded_data, code_table): # 将编码表反转，方便解码 reverse_code_table = {v: k for k, v in code_table.items()} # 解码 decoded_data = "" code = "" for bit in encoded_data: code += bit if code in reverse_code_table: decoded_data += reverse_code_table[code] code = "" return decoded_data data = "hello world" encoded_data, code_table = huffman_encoding(data) print("Encoded data:", encoded_data) print("Code table:", code_table) decoded_data = huffman_decoding(encoded_data, code_table) print("Decoded data:", decoded_data)

import heapq
from collections import defaultdict

def huffman_encoding(data):
    # 计算字符频率
    freq = defaultdict(int)  # 使用 defaultdict 来实现字符频率的计算
    for char in data:
        freq[char] += 1

    # 将频率转化为堆
    heap = [[weight, [char, ""]] for char, weight in freq.items()]  # 将频率转化为堆
    heapq.heapify(heap)

    # 合并堆中的节点，生成霍夫曼编码树
    while len(heap) > 1:
        low = heapq.heappop(heap)
        high = heapq.heappop(heap)
        for pair in low[1:]:
            pair[1] = '0' + pair[1]
        for pair in high[1:]:
            pair[1] = '1' + pair[1]
        heapq.heappush(heap, [low[0] + high[0]] + low[1:] + high[1:])

    # 生成霍夫曼编码表
    code_table = dict(heapq.heappop(heap)[1:])  # 生成霍夫曼编码表

    # 编码
    encoded_data = ""
    for char in data:
        encoded_data += code_table[char]  # 编码数据

    return encoded_data, code_table

def huffman_decoding(encoded_data, code_table):
    # 将编码表反转，方便解码
    reverse_code_table = {v: k for k, v in code_table.items()}  # 将编码表反转，方便解码

    # 解码
    decoded_data = ""
    code = ""
    for bit in encoded_data:
        code += bit
        if code in reverse_code_table:
            decoded_data += reverse_code_table[code]
            code = ""

    return decoded_data

data = "hello world"
encoded_data, code_table = huffman_encoding(data)
print("Encoded data:", encoded_data)
print("Code table:", code_table)
decoded_data = huffman_decoding(encoded_data, code_table)
print("Decoded data:", decoded_data)

注释已添加，方便理解代码的实现过程。