java的复数类的实现及运算理论

在Java中，并没有内置的复数类，但我们可以自定义一个简单的复数类来进行基本的复数运算。一个常见的实现方式如下：

public class ComplexNumber {
    private double real;
    private double imaginary;

    public ComplexNumber(double real, double imaginary) {
        this.real = real;
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }

    // 获取实部和虚部
    public double getReal() { return real; }
    public double getImaginary() { return imaginary; }

    // 设置复数值
    public void setComplex(double real, double imaginary) {
        this.real = real;
        this.imaginary = imaginary;
    }

    // 复数运算
    public ComplexNumber add(ComplexNumber other) {
        double newReal = this.real + other.real;
        double newImaginary = this.imaginary + other.imaginary;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }

    public ComplexNumber subtract(ComplexNumber other) {
        double newReal = this.real - other.real;
        double newImaginary = this.imaginary - other.imaginary;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }

    public ComplexNumber multiply(ComplexNumber other) {
        double newReal = this.real * other.real - this.imaginary * other.imaginary;
        double newImaginary = this.real * other.imaginary + this.imaginary * other.real;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }

    public ComplexNumber divide(ComplexNumber other) {
        double denominator = Math.pow(other.real, 2) + Math.pow(other.imaginary, 2);
        double newReal = (this.real * other.real + this.imaginary * other.imaginary) / denominator;
        double newImaginary = (this.imaginary * other.real - this.real * other.imaginary) / denominator;
        return new ComplexNumber(newReal, newImaginary);
    }

    // 返回复数字符串表示形式
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "(" + real + " + " + imaginary + "i)";
    }
}

在这个例子中，我们实现了加法、减法、乘法和除法运算，以及将复数转换为字符串的方法。复数的运算是基于数学中的笛卡尔坐标系统，遵循标准的代数运算规则。