RSA加密算法python实现

RSA是一种非对称加密算法，由Ron Rivest、Adi Shamir和Leonard Adleman于1977年发明。Python中可以使用内置库`cryptography`或第三方库`pycryptodome`来实现RSA。以下是基本的RSA加密算法在Python中的一种实现：

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend

# 生成密钥对
def generate_rsa_keys():
    key = rsa.generate_private_key(
        public_exponent=65537,
        key_size=2048,
        backend=default_backend()
    )
    private_key = key.private_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
        encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()
    )
    public_key = key.public_key().public_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
    )
    return private_key, public_key

# 加密函数
def encrypt_message(message, public_key):
    encrypted = public_key.encrypt(
        message.encode(), 
        padding=serialization.OAEP(
            mgf=serialization.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
            algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
            label=None
        )
    )
    return encrypted

# 解密函数
def decrypt_message(encrypted_message, private_key):
    decrypted = private_key.decrypt(
        encrypted_message,
        padding=serialization OAEP(
            mgf=serialization.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
            algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
            label=None
        )
    )
    return decrypted.decode()

# 示例
private_key, public_key = generate_rsa_keys()
message = "Hello, RSA!"
encrypted = encrypt_message(message, public_key)
decrypted = decrypt_message(encrypted, private_key)

print(f"原始消息: {message}")
print(f"加密后: {encrypted.hex()}")
print(f"解密后: {decrypted}")