import pandas as pd from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression # 读取 EXCEL 文件 df = pd.read_excel('D://数据1.xlsx', sheet_name='8') # 取出训练数据 X_train = df.iloc[:, :-1] y_train = df.iloc[:, -1] # 初始化线性回归模型 lr = LinearRegression() # 训练模型 lr.fit(X_train, y_train) # 预测数据 X_test = [[0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2]] y_pred = lr.predict(X_test) # 输出预测结果 print('预测结果：', y_pred[0])运行一个线性回归模型时遇到了 TypeError。错误信息提示说，特征名只在所有输入特征都具有字符串名称/列名称类型时受支持，但你的输入具有整数和字符串特征名/列名称类型。如果你想要存储和验证特征名，必须将它们全部转换为字符串，例如使用 X.columns = X.columns.astype(str)。否则，你可以从输入数据中删除特征/列名称，或将它们全部转换为非字符串数据类型怎么改

你可以将以下代码添加到读取 EXCEL 文件后面，以将所有特征名转换为字符串类型：

df.columns = df.columns.astype(str)

这将确保所有特征名都是字符串类型，从而解决 TypeError。完整代码如下：

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

# 读取 EXCEL 文件
df = pd.read_excel('D://数据1.xlsx', sheet_name='8')

# 将所有特征名转换为字符串类型
df.columns = df.columns.astype(str)

# 取出训练数据
X_train = df.iloc[:, :-1]
y_train = df.iloc[:, -1]

# 初始化线性回归模型
lr = LinearRegression()

# 训练模型
lr.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 预测数据
X_test = [[0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2]]
y_pred = lr.predict(X_test)

# 输出预测结果
print('预测结果：', y_pred[0])

相关问题

# 导入需要的库import pandas as pdfrom sklearn.model_selection import train_test_splitfrom sklearn.svm import SVCfrom sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, confusion_matrix# 读取 Excel 表格数据df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')# 分离特征变量和因变量X = df.iloc[:, :-1]y = df.iloc[:, -1]# 将数据分为训练集和验证集X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)# 训练支持向量机模型svm = SVC(kernel='linear')svm.fit(X_train, y_train)# 预测新的数据new_data = pd.read_excel('new_data.xlsx')y_pred = svm.predict(new_data)# 输出预测结果到 Excel 表格new_data['Prediction'] = y_prednew_data.to_excel('predictions.xlsx', index=False)# 输出模型精度和混淆矩阵print('Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, svm.predict(X_test)))print('Confusion Matrix:', confusion_matrix(y_test, svm.predict(X_test)))输出混淆矩阵图片

由于我是一个文本AI模型，无法在这里直接输出图片，但是可以通过代码生成并保存混淆矩阵图片，代码如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix

# 读取 Excel 表格数据
df = pd.read_excel('data.xlsx')

# 分离特征变量和因变量
X = df.iloc[:, :-1]
y = df.iloc[:, -1]

# 将数据分为训练集和验证集
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)

# 训练支持向量机模型
svm = SVC(kernel='linear')
svm.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 预测新的数据
new_data = pd.read_excel('new_data.xlsx')
y_pred = svm.predict(new_data)

# 输出预测结果到 Excel 表格
new_data['Prediction'] = y_pred
new_data.to_excel('predictions.xlsx', index=False)

# 输出模型精度和混淆矩阵
print('Accuracy:', accuracy_score(y_test, svm.predict(X_test)))
confusion = confusion_matrix(y_test, svm.predict(X_test))
print('Confusion Matrix:', confusion)

# 生成混淆矩阵图片并保存
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.heatmap(confusion, annot=True, cmap='Blues')
plt.xlabel('Predicted Label')
plt.ylabel('True Label')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.savefig('confusion_matrix.png')

这段代码会在运行时生成一个名为 `confusion_matrix.png` 的图片文件，保存在当前工作目录下。你可以打开该文件查看混淆矩阵图片。

报错ValueError: np.nan is an invalid document, expected byte or unicode string. 怎么修改import pandas as pd from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer, TfidfVectorizer from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score # 读取电影评论数据集 data = pd.read_csv(r'D:\shujukexue\review_data.csv', encoding='gbk') x = v.fit_transform(df['eview'].apply(lambda x: np.str_(x))) # 分割数据集为训练集和测试集 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(data['review'], data['sentiment'], test_size=0.2, random_state=42) # 创建CountVectorizer对象进行词频统计和向量化 count_vectorizer = CountVectorizer() X_train_count = count_vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train) X_test_count = count_vectorizer.transform(X_test) # 创建TfidfVectorizer对象进行TF-IDF计算和向量化 tfidf_vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer() X_train_tfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train) X_test_tfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.transform(X_test) # 创建逻辑回归分类器并在CountVectorizer上进行训练和预测 classifier_count = LogisticRegression() classifier_count.fit(X_train_count, y_train) y_pred_count = classifier_count.predict(X_test_count) accuracy_count = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_count) print("Accuracy using CountVectorizer:", accuracy_count) # 创建逻辑回归分类器并在TfidfVectorizer上进行训练和预测 classifier_tfidf = LogisticRegression() classifier_tfidf.fit(X_train_tfidf, y_train) y_pred_tfidf = classifier_tfidf.predict(X_test_tfidf) accuracy_tfidf = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_tfidf) print("Accuracy using TfidfVectorizer:", accuracy_tfidf)

在代码中，变量名应该是 'data' 而不是 'df'，所以在使用 CountVectorizer 进行向量化的时候，应该使用 'data' 而不是 'df'，修改代码如下所示：

import pandas as pd 
import numpy as np
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer, TfidfVectorizer 
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split 
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression 
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score 

# 读取电影评论数据集 
data = pd.read_csv(r'D:\shujukexue\review_data.csv', encoding='gbk') 

# 分割数据集为训练集和测试集 
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(data['review'], data['sentiment'], test_size=0.2, random_state=42) 

# 创建CountVectorizer对象进行词频统计和向量化 
count_vectorizer = CountVectorizer() 
X_train_count = count_vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train) 
X_test_count = count_vectorizer.transform(X_test) 

# 创建TfidfVectorizer对象进行TF-IDF计算和向量化 
tfidf_vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer() 
X_train_tfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train) 
X_test_tfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.transform(X_test) 

# 创建逻辑回归分类器并在CountVectorizer上进行训练和预测 
classifier_count = LogisticRegression() 
classifier_count.fit(X_train_count, y_train) 
y_pred_count = classifier_count.predict(X_test_count) 
accuracy_count = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_count) 
print("Accuracy using CountVectorizer:", accuracy_count) 

# 创建逻辑回归分类器并在TfidfVectorizer上进行训练和预测 
classifier_tfidf = LogisticRegression() 
classifier_tfidf.fit(X_train_tfidf, y_train) 
y_pred_tfidf = classifier_tfidf.predict(X_test_tfidf) 
accuracy_tfidf = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_tfidf) 
print("Accuracy using TfidfVectorizer:", accuracy_tfidf)