discrete_df = df.copy() # 先复制一份数据 for c in df.columns[1:]:

这段代码的作用是复制 DataFrame `df`，并对其每一列（除了第一列）进行离散化处理，赋值给 `discrete_df`。具体操作可能是将连续型变量按照一定的规则（比如分割区间）划分为几个离散的取值，这样可以方便后续的分析和建模。其中 `df.columns[1:]` 表示不包括第一列的所有列，也就是要进行离散化处理的列。

相关问题

优化以下Oracle语句： SELECT SUBSTR(msn.serial_number, 1, 10) genset_sn, msi2.segment1 Genset_BOM_NUM, msi2.inventory_item_id, msi.segment1 key_component, mut1.serial_number component_sn, msi.description component_desc, wdj.date_completed, (SELECT MAX(aps.vendor_name) FROM ap_suppliers aps, bom_resources bor, mtl_unit_transactions mut, po_headers_all poh, po_lines_all pol, wip_osp_resources_val_v wor WHERE aps.vendor_id = poh.vendor_id AND bor.resource_id = wor.resource_id AND poh.po_header_id = pol.po_header_id AND pol.item_id = bor.purchase_item_id AND wor.wip_entity_id = mut.transaction_source_id AND mut.serial_number = mut1.serial_number AND mut.inventory_item_id = mut1.inventory_item_id AND mut.organization_id = mut1.organization_id AND mut.receipt_issue_type = 2 AND mut.transaction_source_type_id = 5 ) supplier FROM mtl_material_transactions mmt1, mtl_material_transactions mmt2, mtl_parameters mpa, mtl_serial_numbers msn, mtl_system_items msi, mtl_system_items msi2, mtl_transaction_types mtt1, mtl_transaction_types mtt2, mtl_unit_transactions mut1, mtl_unit_transactions mut2, wip_discrete_jobs_v wdj WHERE mmt1.inventory_item_id = mut1.inventory_item_id AND mmt1.organization_id = mut1.organization_id AND WDJ.PRIMARY_ITEM_ID = msi2.INVENTORY_ITEM_ID AND mmt1.transaction_id = mut1.transaction_id AND mmt1.transaction_source_id = wdj.wip_entity_id AND mmt1.transaction_type_id = mtt1.transaction_type_id AND mtt1.transaction_type_name = 'WIP Issue' AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 'WIP Negative Issue or WIP Return' FROM mtl_material_transactions mmt3, mtl_transaction_types mtt3, mtl_unit_transactions mut3 WHERE mmt3.transaction_id = mut3.transaction_id AND mmt3.transaction_type_id = mtt3.transaction_type_id AND mmt3.transaction_date > mmt1.transaction_date AND mtt3.transaction_type_name IN ('WIP Negative Issue', 'WIP Return') AND mut3.serial_number = mut1.serial_number AND mut3.inventory_item_id = mut1.inventory_item_id) AND mmt2.transaction_id = mut2.transaction_id AND mmt2.transaction_source_id = wdj.wip_entity_id AND mmt2.transaction_type_id = mtt2.transaction_type_id AND mtt2.transaction_type_name = 'WIP Completion' AND mpa.organization_code = 'WHP' AND msn.current_organization_id = mpa.organization_id AND LENGTH(msn.serial_number) >= 10 AND msi.inventory_item_id = mmt1.inventory_item_id AND msi.organization_id = mmt1.organization_id AND (msi.planning_make_buy_code = 2 OR msi.segment1 LIKE 'SO%') AND mut2.serial_number = msn.serial_number AND mut2.inventory_item_id = msn.inventory_item_id AND mut2.organization_id = mpa.organization_id AND msi2.ORGANIZATION_ID = '323'

优化Oracle语句的一种方式是通过合理的索引设计来提高查询性能。根据给定的语句，以下是可能的索引优化建议：

1. 在以下表中创建索引：mtl_material_transactions、mtl_unit_transactions、mtl_system_items、mtl_parameters、mtl_transaction_types、mtl_serial_numbers、wip_discrete_jobs_v 和 bom_resources。
- 在 mtl_material_transactions 表上创建索引：inventory_item_id、organization_id、transaction_id、transaction_source_id 和 transaction_type_id。
- 在 mtl_unit_transactions 表上创建索引：serial_number、inventory_item_id、organization_id 和 transaction_id。
- 在 mtl_system_items 表上创建索引：inventory_item_id、organization_id 和 planning_make_buy_code。
- 在 mtl_parameters 表上创建索引：organization_code 和 organization_id。
- 在 mtl_transaction_types 表上创建索引：transaction_type_id 和 transaction_type_name。
- 在 mtl_serial_numbers 表上创建索引：current_organization_id、serial_number 和 inventory_item_id。
- 在 wip_discrete_jobs_v 表上创建索引：PRIMARY_ITEM_ID 和 wip_entity_id。
- 在 bom_resources 表上创建索引：resource_id 和 purchase_item_id。

2. 优化子查询：
- 确保子查询中的相关列都有适当的索引。
- 检查子查询是否可以使用连接操作（JOIN）来代替。
- 确保子查询的性能得到优化，可以使用合适的索引或重写子查询。

3. 检查 WHERE 子句中的条件顺序，将最具选择性的条件放在前面。

请注意，优化策略可能因实际数据和数据库配置而异，建议在执行任何更改之前先在测试环境中进行测试和验证。另外，确保数据库统计信息是最新的，以便优化器能够做出更好的执行计划决策。

优化sql：SELECT we.organization_id ,we.wip_entity_id ,case when wl.line_id is null then we.wip_entity_name else '' end wip_entity_name ,we.primary_item_id ,mtt.transaction_type_name ,mmt.transaction_date ,bd.department_code ,mmt.inventory_item_id ,mmt.subinventory_code ,mta.reference_account ,br.resource_code ,lu2.meaning as line_type_name ,mta.base_transaction_value ,mta.cost_element_id ,flv.meaning as cost_element ,wdj.class_code job_type_code ,ml.meaning job_type_name FROM (select * from gerp.mtl_material_transactions where substr(transaction_date,1,7) >= '2023-06' and transaction_source_type_id = 5) mmt inner join gerp.wip_entities we on mmt.organization_id = we.organization_id inner join gerp.mtl_transaction_accounts mta on mta.transaction_source_id = we.wip_entity_id and mta.transaction_id = mmt.transaction_id and mta.transaction_source_type_id = 5 inner join gerp.mtl_transaction_types mtt on mtt.transaction_type_id = mmt.transaction_type_id inner join mfg_lookups lu2 on lu2.lookup_code = mta.accounting_line_type and lu2.lookup_type = 'CST_ACCOUNTING_LINE_TYPE' inner join gerp.mtl_system_items_b msi on msi.inventory_item_id = mmt.inventory_item_id and msi.organization_id = mta.organization_id left join gerp.bom_departments bd on bd.department_id = mmt.department_id left join gerp.bom_resources br on br.resource_id = mta.resource_id left join gerp.wip_lines wl on wl.line_id = mmt.repetitive_line_id left join gerp.wip_discrete_jobs wdj on wdj.wip_entity_id = mta.transaction_source_id left join gerp.fnd_lookup_values_vl flv on cast(mta.cost_element_id as string) = flv.lookup_code and flv.lookup_type = 'CST_COST_CODE_TYPE' left join mfg_lookups ml on ml.lookup_code = wdj.job_type and ml.lookup_type = 'WIP_DISCRETE_JOB' 。其中mmt,we,mta,msi,wdj数据量很大

针对这个SQL语句，可以优化的地方有：

1. 使用JOIN语句时，可以根据数据量大小，将数据量大的表放在后面，这样可以避免在连接时出现性能问题。

2. 使用子查询时，可以在子查询中添加条件筛选，减少返回的数据量。

3. 可以对查询中的日期条件进行优化，例如使用日期范围查询时，可以使用BETWEEN关键字代替大于等于和小于等于的运算符。

4. 可以对大表进行分区或分片，以加快查询速度。

5. 可以对JOIN语句中的字段添加索引，以提高查询效率。

下面是对原SQL语句的优化：

SELECT 
    we.organization_id, 
    we.wip_entity_id, 
    CASE WHEN wl.line_id is null THEN we.wip_entity_name ELSE '' END wip_entity_name,
    we.primary_item_id, 
    mtt.transaction_type_name, 
    mmt.transaction_date, 
    bd.department_code, 
    mmt.inventory_item_id, 
    mmt.subinventory_code, 
    mta.reference_account, 
    br.resource_code, 
    lu2.meaning as line_type_name,
    mta.base_transaction_value, 
    mta.cost_element_id, 
    flv.meaning as cost_element, 
    wdj.class_code job_type_code, 
    ml.meaning job_type_name 
FROM 
    gerp.wip_entities we 
    INNER JOIN (
        SELECT 
            * 
        FROM 
            gerp.mtl_material_transactions 
        WHERE 
            transaction_date BETWEEN '2023-06-01' AND '2023-06-30' 
            AND transaction_source_type_id = 5
    ) mmt ON mmt.organization_id = we.organization_id 
    INNER JOIN gerp.mtl_transaction_accounts mta ON mta.transaction_source_id = we.wip_entity_id 
        AND mta.transaction_id = mmt.transaction_id 
        AND mta.transaction_source_type_id = 5 
    INNER JOIN gerp.mtl_transaction_types mtt ON mtt.transaction_type_id = mmt.transaction_type_id 
    INNER JOIN mfg_lookups lu2 ON lu2.lookup_code = mta.accounting_line_type AND lu2.lookup_type = 'CST_ACCOUNTING_LINE_TYPE' 
    INNER JOIN gerp.mtl_system_items_b msi ON msi.inventory_item_id = mmt.inventory_item_id 
        AND msi.organization_id = mta.organization_id 
    LEFT JOIN gerp.bom_departments bd ON bd.department_id = mmt.department_id 
    LEFT JOIN gerp.bom_resources br ON br.resource_id = mta.resource_id 
    LEFT JOIN gerp.wip_lines wl ON wl.line_id = mmt.repetitive_line_id 
    LEFT JOIN gerp.wip_discrete_jobs wdj ON wdj.wip_entity_id = mta.transaction_source_id 
    LEFT JOIN gerp.fnd_lookup_values_vl flv ON cast(mta.cost_element_id as string) = flv.lookup_code 
        AND flv.lookup_type = 'CST_COST_CODE_TYPE' 
    LEFT JOIN mfg_lookups ml ON ml.lookup_code = wdj.job_type AND ml.lookup_type = 'WIP_DISCRETE_JOB';

在优化后的SQL语句中，将子查询中的日期范围查询放在了WHERE语句中，将数据量较大的表放在了后面，左连接的表也放在了后面。同时，可以根据具体情况对需要添加索引的字段进行索引优化。