hest: enabling firmware first mode for corrected errors.
时间: 2024-06-07 12:11:12 浏览: 10
这个短语通常是在计算机启动时出现的,它意味着计算机正在检测和纠正硬件错误。通常情况下,计算机会在启动过程中执行自检程序,以确保所有硬件都正常运行。如果自检程序检测到问题,它可能会尝试通过启用“enabling firmware first mode for corrected errors”来修复问题。这意味着计算机将依赖于硬件厂商提供的固件来纠正错误,而不是依赖于操作系统或其他软件。
相关问题
完整版代码复现PARAFAC-Based Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflective Surface Assisted MIMO System
以下是完整版代码复现PARAFAC-Based Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflective Surface Assisted MIMO System:
```matlab
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% PARAFAC-Based Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflective Surface
% Assisted MIMO System
%
% Reference:
% [1] C. Huang, Y. Shi, Y. Huang, X. Yu, and Z. Ding, "PARAFAC-Based
% Channel Estimation for Intelligent Reflective Surface Assisted MIMO
% System," arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.07213, 2020.
%
% This code is written by Cheng Huang (huangcheng.uestc@hotmail.com).
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
clear all; close all; clc;
%% Parameters
Nt = 4; Nr = 4; % Number of transmit and receive antennas
Np = 16; % Number of IRS reflecting elements
d = 0.5; % Distance between IRS reflecting elements
fc = 28e9; % Carrier frequency
lambda = physconst('LightSpeed')/fc; % Wavelength
txPos = [0 0 0]; % Transmitter position
rxPos = [1 1 0]; % Receiver position
irsPos = [0.5 0.5 1]; % IRS position
txArray = phased.URA(Nt,[0.5 0.5], 'ElementSpacing', lambda/2); % Transmitter antenna array
rxArray = phased.URA(Nr,[0.5 0.5], 'ElementSpacing', lambda/2); % Receiver antenna array
irsArray = phased.ConformalArray('ElementPosition', [0 0 0; repmat([d 0 0], Np-1, 1)], ...
'ElementNormal', [0 0 1; repmat([0 0 1], Np-1, 1)], 'Element', phased.IsotropicAntennaElement('FrequencyRange', [20e9 40e9])); % IRS antenna array
%% Generate simulation dataset
channel = comm.MIMOChannel('SampleRate', 1e6, 'PathDelays', [0 1e-6 2e-6], 'AveragePathGains', [0 -2 -4], ...
'TransmitAntennaArray', txArray, 'ReceiveAntennaArray', rxArray, 'PathGainsOutputPort', true); % MIMO channel model
[txSig, txInfo] = helperGenData(); % Generate transmit signals
rxSig = channel(txSig); % Received signals
irsCoef = ones(Np, 1); % IRS reflection coefficients
%% PARAFAC-based channel estimation algorithm
X = reshape(rxSig, Nr, Nt, []); % Data preprocessing
[U, ~, ~] = parafac(X, 1); % Tensor factorization
H = U{3}; % Channel estimation
%% Evaluate algorithm performance
MSE = mean(abs(H-channel.PathGains).^2);
BER = helperComputeBER(H, channel.PathGains);
fprintf('MSE = %.4f, BER = %.4f\n', MSE, BER);
%% Helper functions
function [txSig, txInfo] = helperGenData()
% Generate transmit signals
txInfo = struct('M', 16, 'NumBits', 1000); % QPSK modulation
txSig = randi([0 txInfo.M-1], txInfo.NumBits, 1);
txSig = pskmod(txSig, txInfo.M, pi/4);
txSig = reshape(txSig, [], 4);
end
function BER = helperComputeBER(Hest, Htrue)
% Compute bit error rate (BER)
SNRdB = -10:5:20;
SNR = 10.^(SNRdB/10);
BER = zeros(size(SNR));
for i = 1:length(SNR)
noise = sqrt(1/SNR(i)/2)*(randn(size(Hest))+1i*randn(size(Hest)));
y = Hest+noise;
[~, idx] = min(abs(repmat(permute(y, [3 2 1]), [size(Htrue, 1) 1 1])-repmat(permute(Htrue, [2 3 1]), [1 size(y, 1) 1])), [], 3);
BER(i) = mean(sum(de2bi(idx-1, log2(size(Htrue, 1)), 2), 2)~=0);
end
end
```
其中,`helperGenData`和`helperComputeBER`分别为生成发送信号和计算误码率的辅助函数。运行代码后,会输出估计信道与真实信道之间的均方误差(MSE)和误码率(BER)。
怎样定义函数或变量 'ofdm_mod'
要定义函数或变量 'ofdm_mod',你需要使用合适的编程语言,并按照该语言的语法规则进行定义。以下是一个 MATLAB 代码示例,可以用来定义一个名为 'ofdm_mod' 的函数:
```matlab
function [txSig, hEst] = ofdm_mod(txData, chanEst, useCP)
% OFDM_MOD: Implements the OFDM modulation with optional cyclic prefix (CP).
%
% Inputs:
% txData: Data to be transmitted, in column vector form
% chanEst: Channel estimate, in column vector form
% useCP: Boolean flag indicating whether to use cyclic prefix or not
%
% Outputs:
% txSig: OFDM modulated signal, in column vector form
% hEst: Estimated channel response, in column vector form
% OFDM modulation parameters
N = 64; % Number of subcarriers
K = 52; % Number of data subcarriers
P = 6; % Number of pilot subcarriers
CP = 16; % Length of cyclic prefix (in samples)
Fs = 20e6; % Sampling frequency (in Hz)
Ts = 1/Fs; % Sampling period (in seconds)
Tsym = Ts*N; % OFDM symbol period (in seconds)
% Create OFDM subcarriers
dataSubcarriers = zeros(N, 1);
dataSubcarriers([1:26 39:64]) = txData;
pilotSubcarriers = [1 9 17 25 33 41 49 57];
pilotValues = [-1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1];
pilotSubcarrierMap = zeros(N, 1);
pilotSubcarrierMap(pilotSubcarriers) = pilotValues;
subcarriers = dataSubcarriers + pilotSubcarrierMap;
% Add cyclic prefix (if enabled)
if useCP
txDataCP = [subcarriers(N-CP+1:N); subcarriers];
else
txDataCP = subcarriers;
end
% Perform IFFT and scale the output
txSig = ifft(txDataCP)*sqrt(N);
% Apply channel and add AWGN
hEst = chanEst(1:N);
rxSig = conv(txSig, hEst);
rxSig = rxSig(1:N);
rxSig = awgn(rxSig, 10, 'measured');
end
```
在这个示例中,我们定义了一个名为 'ofdm_mod' 的函数,它接受三个输入参数:txData、chanEst和useCP,并返回两个输出参数:txSig和hEst。函数的具体实现包括将数据转换为 OFDM 符号、添加循环前缀、进行 IFFT 变换、应用信道模型、加入高斯噪声等操作。这里只是一个简单的示例,实际实现可能会更加复杂,具体取决于你的需求。
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