代码改进：import numpy as np import pandas as pd import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs def distEclud(arrA,arrB): #欧氏距离 d = arrA - arrB dist = np.sum(np.power(d,2),axis=1) #差的平方的和 return dist def randCent(dataSet,k): #寻找质心 n = dataSet.shape[1] #列数 data_min = dataSet.min() data_max = dataSet.max() #生成k行n列处于data_min到data_max的质心 data_cent = np.random.uniform(data_min,data_max,(k,n)) return data_cent def kMeans(dataSet,k,distMeans = distEclud, createCent = randCent): x,y = make_blobs(centers=100)#生成k质心的数据 x = pd.DataFrame(x) m,n = dataSet.shape centroids = createCent(dataSet,k) #初始化质心,k即为初始化质心的总个数 clusterAssment = np.zeros((m,3)) #初始化容器 clusterAssment[:,0] = np.inf #第一列设置为无穷大 clusterAssment[:,1:3] = -1 #第二列放本次迭代点的簇编号，第三列存放上次迭代点的簇编号 result_set = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(dataSet), pd.DataFrame(clusterAssment)],axis = 1,ignore_index = True) #将数据进行拼接，横向拼接，即将该容器放在数据集后面 clusterChanged = True while clusterChanged: clusterChanged = False for i in range(m): dist = distMeans(dataSet.iloc[i,:n].values,centroids) #计算点到质心的距离（即每个值到质心的差的平方和） result_set.iloc[i,n] = dist.min() #放入距离的最小值 result_set.iloc[i,n+1] = np.where(dist == dist.min())[0] #放入距离最小值的质心标号 clusterChanged = not (result_set.iloc[:,-1] == result_set.iloc[:,-2]).all() if clusterChanged: cent_df = result_set.groupby(n+1).mean() #按照当前迭代的数据集的分类，进行计算每一类中各个属性的平均值 centroids = cent_df.iloc[:,:n].values #当前质心 result_set.iloc[:,-1] = result_set.iloc[:,-2] #本次质心放到最后一列里 return centroids, result_set x = np.random.randint(0,100,size=100) y = np.random.randint(0,100,size=100) randintnum=pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(x), pd.DataFrame(y)],axis = 1,ignore_index = True) #randintnum_test, randintnum_test = kMeans(randintnum,3) #plt.scatter(randintnum_test.iloc[:,0],randintnum_test.iloc[:,1],c=randintnum_test.iloc[:,-1]) #result_test,cent_test = kMeans(data, 4) cent_test,result_test = kMeans(randintnum, 3) plt.scatter(result_test.iloc[:,0],result_test.iloc[:,1],c=result_test.iloc[:,-1]) plt.scatter(cent_test[:,0],cent_test[:,1],color = 'red',marker = 'x',s=100)

这段代码实现的是k-means聚类算法，但是有一些地方可以改进：

1. 函数kMeans中的createCent参数可以通过修改为直接传入质心的方式来更加灵活。

2. 函数kMeans中的distMeans参数可以修改为scipy库中的距离函数，如scipy.spatial.distance.cdist，来提高计算效率。

3. 函数kMeans中的clusterAssment可以使用pd.DataFrame来进行初始化，这样可以避免使用np.zeros和np.inf来进行初始化。

改进后的代码如下：

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs 
from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist

def randCent(dataSet, k):
    """
    随机生成k个质心
    """
    n = dataSet.shape[1]  # 列数
    data_min = dataSet.min()
    data_max = dataSet.max()
    # 生成k行n列处于data_min到data_max的质心
    data_cent = np.random.uniform(data_min, data_max, (k, n))
    return data_cent

def kMeans(dataSet, k, createCent=randCent, distMeans=cdist):
    """
    k-means聚类算法
    """
    centroids = createCent(dataSet, k)  # 初始化质心，k即为初始化质心的总个数
    result_set = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(dataSet), pd.DataFrame()], axis=1, ignore_index=True)
    # 将数据进行拼接，横向拼接，即将该容器放在数据集后面
    clusterChanged = True
    while clusterChanged:
        clusterChanged = False
        dist = distMeans(dataSet, centroids, metric='euclidean')
        clusterAssment = np.argmin(dist, axis=1)
        result_set.iloc[:, -1] = pd.Series(clusterAssment)
        for i in range(k):
            cent_df = result_set[result_set.iloc[:, -1] == i].mean()  # 按照当前迭代的数据集的分类，进行计算每一类中各个属性的平均值
            if not cent_df.empty:
                centroids[i] = cent_df.iloc[:-1].values  # 当前质心
                clusterChanged = True
    return centroids, result_set

x = np.random.randint(0, 100, size=100)
y = np.random.randint(0, 100, size=100)
randintnum = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(x), pd.DataFrame(y)], axis=1, ignore_index=True)
cent_test, result_test = kMeans(randintnum, 3)
plt.scatter(result_test.iloc[:, 0], result_test.iloc[:, 1], c=result_test.iloc[:, -1])
plt.scatter(cent_test[:, 0], cent_test[:, 1], color='red', marker='x', s=100)