C++ socket套接字编程示例代码

C++中的socket套接字编程是一种让程序能够进行网络通信的方式。以下是使用C++进行TCP套接字编程的一个简单示例，分别展示了服务器端和客户端的代码。

服务器端示例代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    const char *greeting = "Hello from server";

    // 创建socket文件描述符
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 绑定socket到地址和端口
    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(8080);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 监听socket
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 接受来自客户端的连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 读取客户端发送的数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 向客户端发送数据
    send(new_socket, greeting, strlen(greeting), 0);
    std::cout << "Greeting message sent\n";

    // 关闭socket
    close(server_fd);

    return 0;
}

客户端示例代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    const char *hello = "Hello from client";
    char buffer[1024] = {0};

    // 创建socket文件描述符
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "\n Socket creation error \n";
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);

    // 将IPv4和IPv6地址从文本转换为二进制形式
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cout << "\nInvalid address/ Address not supported \n";
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接到服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "\nConnection Failed \n";
        return -1;
    }

    // 发送数据到服务器
    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent\n";

    // 读取服务器的响应
    read(sock, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 关闭socket
    close(sock);

    return 0;
}

在上述示例中，服务器端创建了一个socket并监听在8080端口上，当客户端连接时，服务器读取客户端发送的消息，然后发送一个问候消息，并关闭连接。客户端连接到服务器，发送一条消息，然后接收服务器的响应，最后关闭连接。