编写python代码cnn识别mnist数据集

在Python中，我们可以使用深度学习库如TensorFlow或PyTorch来编写卷积神经网络（CNN）来识别MNIST手写数字数据集。这里是一个简单的例子，使用Keras库，它简化了构建模型的过程：

# 导入必要的库
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import datasets, layers, models

# 加载MNIST数据集
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = datasets.mnist.load_data()

# 数据预处理
train_images = train_images / 255.0
test_images = test_images / 255.0
train_images = train_images.reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)
test_images = test_images.reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)

# 定义CNN模型
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(28, 28, 1)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))

model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'))  # 输出层，10个节点对应0-9的手写数字

# 编译模型
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

# 训练模型
history = model.fit(train_images, train_labels, epochs=10, validation_data=(test_images, test_labels))

# 评估模型
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images,  test_labels, verbose=2)
print(f"Test accuracy: {test_acc}")