在python中,下面这段LSTM算法表示什么意思:from keras.callbacks import LearningRateScheduler from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping from keras import backend as K def scheduler(epoch): # 每隔10个epoch,学习率减小为原来的1/2 if epoch % 10 == 0 and epoch != 0: lr = K.get_value(model.optimizer.lr) if lr>1e-5: K.set_value(model.optimizer.lr, lr * 0.5) print("lr changed to {}".format(lr * 0.5)) return K.get_value(model.optimizer.lr) reduce_lr = LearningRateScheduler(scheduler)
时间: 2024-04-05 18:35:29 浏览: 125
这段代码是使用Keras框架中的回调函数来实现学习率衰减(learning rate decay)的方法。学习率衰减是指随着训练的进行,逐渐减小神经网络中的权重更新步长,以便更好地优化模型并避免过拟合。
具体来说,这段代码定义了一个学习率调度器(LearningRateScheduler),其作用是在每个epoch结束时调用一个函数scheduler(epoch)。这个函数的具体作用是每隔10个epoch,将当前学习率除以2,以实现学习率衰减的效果。
同时,这段代码还引入了一个EarlyStopping的回调函数,用于在模型训练过程中出现过拟合时,自动停止训练,以防止模型过度拟合。
最后,这段代码还使用了Keras框架中的backend模块(import backend as K),以便访问和修改底层的TensorFlow计算图。
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd from keras.models import Sequential from keras import layers from keras import regularizers import os import keras import keras.backend as K import numpy as np from keras.callbacks import LearningRateScheduler data = "data.csv" df = pd.read_csv(data, header=0, index_col=0) df1 = df.drop(["y"], axis=1) lbls = df["y"].values - 1 wave = np.zeros((11500, 178)) z = 0 for index, row in df1.iterrows(): wave[z, :] = row z+=1 mean = wave.mean(axis=0) wave -= mean std = wave.std(axis=0) wave /= std def one_hot(y): lbl = np.zeros(5) lbl[y] = 1 return lbl target = [] for value in lbls: target.append(one_hot(value)) target = np.array(target) wave = np.expand_dims(wave, axis=-1) model = Sequential() model.add(layers.Conv1D(64, 15, strides=2, input_shape=(178, 1), use_bias=False)) model.add(layers.ReLU()) model.add(layers.Conv1D(64, 3)) model.add(layers.Conv1D(64, 3, strides=2)) model.add(layers.BatchNormalization()) model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5)) model.add(layers.Conv1D(64, 3)) model.add(layers.Conv1D(64, 3, strides=2)) model.add(layers.BatchNormalization()) model.add(layers.LSTM(64, dropout=0.5, return_sequences=True)) model.add(layers.LSTM(64, dropout=0.5, return_sequences=True)) model.add(layers.LSTM(32)) model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5)) model.add(layers.Dense(5, activation="softmax")) model.summary() save_path = './keras_model3.h5' if os.path.isfile(save_path): model.load_weights(save_path) print('reloaded.') adam = keras.optimizers.adam() model.compile(optimizer=adam, loss="categorical_crossentropy", metrics=["acc"]) # 计算学习率 def lr_scheduler(epoch): # 每隔100个epoch,学习率减小为原来的0.5 if epoch % 100 == 0 and epoch != 0: lr = K.get_value(model.optimizer.lr) K.set_value(model.optimizer.lr, lr * 0.5) print("lr changed to {}".format(lr * 0.5)) return K.get_value(model.optimizer.lr) lrate = LearningRateScheduler(lr_scheduler) history = model.fit(wave, target, epochs=400, batch_size=128, validation_split=0.2, verbose=2, callbacks=[lrate]) model.save_weights(save_path) print(history.history.keys()) # summarize history for accuracy plt.plot(history.history['acc']) plt.plot(history.history['val_acc']) plt.title('model accuracy') plt.ylabel('accuracy') plt.xlabel('epoch') plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper left') plt.show() # summarize history for loss plt.plot(history.history['loss']) plt.plot(history.history['val_loss']) plt.title('model loss') plt.ylabel('loss') plt.xlabel('epoch') plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper left') plt.show()
这段代码是用来训练一个深度学习模型的代码,使用了Keras和Tensorflow进行模型的搭建、训练和保存。该模型包含了卷积层、批量归一化层、Dropout层、LSTM层和全连接层,并且最终使用softmax激活函数得到预测的类别。通过对数据进行处理,将输入数据按照一定的规范进行规范化,将标签转换成了一个one-hot编码的形式。最后,该代码通过在数据上进行训练,得到一个可以用来做预测的深度学习模型。
CNN做时间序列预测_使用Keras实现CNN+BiLSTM+Attention的多维(多变量)时间序列预测
使用CNN+BiLSTM+Attention进行多维时间序列预测可以提高预测的准确性。这种模型结构可以捕捉到时间序列中的长期依赖关系和局部相关性,同时对不同维度的特征进行建模。下面是使用Keras实现CNN+BiLSTM+Attention的多维时间序列预测的示例代码。
```python
from keras.models import Model
from keras.layers import Input, Conv1D, MaxPooling1D, Flatten, Dense, LSTM, Bidirectional, Dropout, concatenate, Permute, Reshape, Multiply
from keras.optimizers import Adam
from keras.callbacks import EarlyStopping, ReduceLROnPlateau
from keras import backend as K
def attention_3d_block(inputs):
a = Permute((2, 1))(inputs)
a = Dense(TIME_STEPS, activation='softmax')(a)
a_probs = Permute((2, 1))(a)
output_attention_mul = Multiply()([inputs, a_probs])
return output_attention_mul
def build_model():
main_inputs = Input(shape=(TIME_STEPS, INPUT_DIM, ))
cnn1 = Conv1D(filters=64, kernel_size=3, activation='relu', padding='same')(main_inputs)
cnn1 = MaxPooling1D(pool_size=2)(cnn1)
cnn1 = Dropout(0.2)(cnn1)
cnn2 = Conv1D(filters=128, kernel_size=3, activation='relu', padding='same')(cnn1)
cnn2 = MaxPooling1D(pool_size=2)(cnn2)
cnn2 = Dropout(0.2)(cnn2)
cnn3 = Conv1D(filters=256, kernel_size=3, activation='relu', padding='same')(cnn2)
cnn3 = MaxPooling1D(pool_size=2)(cnn3)
cnn3 = Dropout(0.2)(cnn3)
lstm = Bidirectional(LSTM(units=128, return_sequences=True, dropout=0.5))(cnn3)
attention_mul = attention_3d_block(lstm)
attention_mul = Flatten()(attention_mul)
dense1 = Dense(units=64, activation='relu')(attention_mul)
dense1 = Dropout(0.5)(dense1)
dense2 = Dense(units=1, activation='linear')(dense1)
model = Model(inputs=main_inputs, outputs=dense2)
model.compile(optimizer=Adam(lr=0.001), loss='mse')
return model
```
在这个模型中,我们使用了三个卷积层、一个双向LSTM层和一个Attention层。卷积层用于提取时间序列的局部特征,LSTM层用于捕捉时间序列的长期依赖关系,Attention层用于加强对LSTM的关注。
我们使用了EarlyStopping和ReduceLROnPlateau两个回调函数来帮助我们控制模型的训练过程。其中EarlyStopping用于防止过拟合,ReduceLROnPlateau用于调整学习率。
```python
# 训练模型
model = build_model()
early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', patience=10)
reduce_lr = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1, patience=5)
history = model.fit(X_train, y_train, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, epochs=EPOCHS, validation_data=(X_val, y_val), callbacks=[early_stopping, reduce_lr])
# 预测结果
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
# 评估模型
score = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
print('Test loss:', score)
```
在训练过程中,我们可以通过调用fit函数来训练模型。在预测时,我们可以使用predict函数来进行预测。在评估模型时,我们可以使用evaluate函数来计算模型的损失。
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