class Book: def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, available=True): self.title = title self.author = author self.isbn = isbn self.available = available class Library: def __init__(self, books=None): if books is None: books = [] self.books = books def add_book(self, book): self.books.append(book) def remove_book(self, book): self.books.remove(book) def search_book_by_title(self, title): return [book for book in self.books if book.title == title] def search_book_by_author(self, author): return [book for book in self.books if book.author == author] def search_book_by_isbn(self, isbn): return [book for book in self.books if book.isbn == isbn] def checkout_book(self, book): if book.available: book.available = False return True else: return False def return_book(self, book): book.available = True if __name__ == '__main__': library = Library() book1 = Book('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', '978-0143129453') book2 = Book('To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Harper Lee', '978-0446310789') book3 = Book('1984', 'George Orwell', '978-0451524935') library.add_book(book1) library.add_book(book2) library.add_book(book3) print(library.search_book_by_title('1984')) 运行时如何输入

这段代码并不需要用户输入，它是一个样例程序，会自动运行并输出结果。如果你想测试其他功能，可以在代码中添加相应的操作，并运行程序。例如：

book4 = Book('Pride and Prejudice', 'Jane Austen', '978-0486284736')
library.add_book(book4)
print(library.search_book_by_author('Jane Austen'))
checked_out = library.checkout_book(book4)
print(f"Book checked out: {checked_out}")
returned = library.return_book(book4)
print(f"Book returned: {returned}")

这样就添加了一本新书，然后搜索作者为“Jane Austen”的书籍，借出一本书并归还了它，并输出了相应的结果。

相关问题

class Book: def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, available=True): self.title = title self.author = author self.isbn = isbn self.available = available class Library: def __init__(self, books=None): if books is None: books = [] self.books = books def add_book(self, book): self.books.append(book) def remove_book(self, book): self.books.remove(book) def search_book_by_title(self, title): return [book for book in self.books if book.title == title] def search_book_by_author(self, author): return [book for book in self.books if book.author == author] def search_book_by_isbn(self, isbn): return [book for book in self.books if book.isbn == isbn] def checkout_book(self, book): if book.available: book.available = False return True else: return False def return_book(self, book): book.available = True if __name__ == '__main__': library = Library() book1 = Book('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', '978-0143129453') book2 = Book('To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Harper Lee', '978-0446310789') book3 = Book('1984', 'George Orwell', '978-0451524935') library.add_book(book1) library.add_book(book2) library.add_book(book3) print(library.search_book_by_title('1984'))修正优化

class Book:
def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, available=True):
self.title = title
self.author = author
self.isbn = isbn
self.available = available

class Library:
def __init__(self, books=None):
if books is None:
books = []
self.books = books

def add_book(self, book):
self.books.append(book)

def remove_book(self, book):
self.books.remove(book)

def search_book_by_title(self, title):
return [book for book in self.books if book.title.lower() == title.lower()]

def search_book_by_author(self, author):
return [book for book in self.books if book.author.lower() == author.lower()]

def search_book_by_isbn(self, isbn):
return [book for book in self.books if book.isbn == isbn]

def checkout_book(self, book):
if book.available:
book.available = False
return True
else:
return False

def return_book(self, book):
book.available = True

if __name__ == '__main__':
library = Library()
book1 = Book('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', '978-0143129453')
book2 = Book('To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Harper Lee', '978-0446310789')
book3 = Book('1984', 'George Orwell', '978-0451524935')
library.add_book(book1)
library.add_book(book2)
library.add_book(book3)
print(library.search_book_by_title('1984'))

# 修正优化：
# 1. 在搜索图书时，将标题和作者名转换为小写字母，以避免大小写不匹配的问题。
# 2. 在搜索图书时，如果没有找到符合条件的图书，则返回一个空列表，而不是 None。

优化下面的代码，使其更复杂class Book: def init(self, title, author, isbn, available=True): self.title = title self.author = author self.isbn = isbn self.available = available class Library: def init(self, books=[]): self.books = books def add_book(self, book): self.books.append(book) def remove_book(self, book): self.books.remove(book) def search_book_by_title(self, title): for book in self.books: if book.title == title: return book return None def search_book_by_author(self, author): results = [] for book in self.books: if book.author == author: results.append(book) return results def search_book_by_isbn(self, isbn): for book in self.books: if book.isbn == isbn: return book return None def checkout_book(self, book): if book.available: book.available = False return True else: return False def return_book(self, book): book.available = True if name == 'main': library = Library() book1 = Book('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', '978-0143129453') book2 = Book('To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Harper Lee', '978-0446310789') book3 = Book('1984', 'George Orwell', '978-0451524935') library.add_book(book1) library.add_book(book2) library.add_book(book3) print(library.search_book_by_title('1984'))

下面是优化后的代码：

class Book:
    def __init__(self, title, author, isbn, available=True):
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.isbn = isbn
        self.available = available

class Library:
    def __init__(self, books=None):
        if books is None:
            books = []
        self.books = books

    def add_book(self, book):
        self.books.append(book)

    def remove_book(self, book):
        self.books.remove(book)

    def search_book_by_title(self, title):
        return [book for book in self.books if book.title == title]

    def search_book_by_author(self, author):
        return [book for book in self.books if book.author == author]

    def search_book_by_isbn(self, isbn):
        return [book for book in self.books if book.isbn == isbn]

    def checkout_book(self, book):
        if book.available:
            book.available = False
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def return_book(self, book):
        book.available = True

if __name__ == '__main__':
    library = Library()
    book1 = Book('The Great Gatsby', 'F. Scott Fitzgerald', '978-0143129453')
    book2 = Book('To Kill a Mockingbird', 'Harper Lee', '978-0446310789')
    book3 = Book('1984', 'George Orwell', '978-0451524935')
    library.add_book(book1)
    library.add_book(book2)
    library.add_book(book3)
    print(library.search_book_by_title('1984'))

主要的优化包括：

1. 将默认参数 books=[] 改为 books=None，并在 __init__ 函数中初始化为一个空列表。这样可以避免多个 Library 实例共享同一个 books 列表的问题。
2. 在 search_book_by_title、search_book_by_author 和 search_book_by_isbn 函数中，使用列表推导式一次性生成结果列表，避免使用 for 循环和 if 语句。
3. 将 if name == 'main': 改为 if __name__ == '__main__':，这是更加 pythonic 的写法。