class Complex{ double real, imag; public: Complex(double r=0, double i=0): real(r), imag(i){ } friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex& c); //已实现 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c);//已实现 friend Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2); friend Complex operator-(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2); Complex& operator+=(const Complex& c); Complex& operator-=(const Complex& c); };#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { Complex c1, c2; cin >> c1 >> c2; cout << c1 + c2 << endl; cout << c1 - c2 << endl; c1 += c2; cout << c1 << endl; c1 -= c2; cout << c1 << endl; return 0; } /* 请在这里填写答案,类的详细定义已由系统给出,并重载了输入输出运算符,你只需要写出需要重载的算术运算符函数即可 */
时间: 2023-06-17 12:05:44 浏览: 219
重载的算术运算符函数如下所示:
```c++
Complex operator+(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2){
return Complex(c1.real+c2.real, c1.imag+c2.imag);
}
Complex operator-(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2){
return Complex(c1.real-c2.real, c1.imag-c2.imag);
}
Complex& Complex::operator+=(const Complex& c){
real += c.real;
imag += c.imag;
return *this;
}
Complex& Complex::operator-=(const Complex& c){
real -= c.real;
imag -= c.imag;
return *this;
}
```
其中,`operator+` 重载了加法运算符,返回两个复数相加的结果;`operator-` 重载了减法运算符,返回两个复数相减的结果;`operator+=` 重载了复合赋值加法运算符,将一个复数加上另一个复数并返回结果;`operator-=` 重载了复合赋值减法运算符,将一个复数减去另一个复数并返回结果。
相关问题
#include<iostream> using namespace std; class Complex { private: double real; double imag; public: Complex(double r=0.0,double i=0.0) { real = r; imag = i; } friend Complex operator + (Complex c1, Complex c2); friend Complex operator - (Complex c1, Complex c2); void display(); }; Complex Complex:: operator +(Complex c1, Complex c2) { Complex c; c.real = c1.real + c2.real; c.imag = c1.imag + c2.imag; return c; } Complex Complex:: operator -(Complex c1, Complex c2) { Complex c; c.real = c1.real - c2.real; c.imag = c1.imag - c2.imag; return c; } void Complex::display() { cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << ")" << endl; } int main() { Complex c1(4, 3), c2(2, 1), c3; cout << "c1="; c1.display(); cout << "c2="; c2.display(); c3 = c1 - c2; cout << "c3="; c3.display(); c3 = c1 + c2; cout << "c3="; c3.display(); return 0; } 存在的问题
代码中存在以下问题:
1. 缺少头文件:需要添加头文件 `#include<iostream>`。
2. 命名空间使用不规范:应该避免在头文件中使用 `using namespace std;`,而是应该在使用标准库的时候显式地使用 `std::`。
3. 运算符重载函数的定义方式不正确:应该将运算符重载函数定义为类的成员函数,或者定义为友元函数。在代码中,运算符重载函数应该写成 `Complex Complex::operator+(Complex c2)` 和 `Complex Complex::operator-(Complex c2)`。
4. 运算符重载函数的参数传递方式不正确:在运算符重载函数中,需要将当前对象作为一个参数传入。在代码中,应该将运算符重载函数定义为友元函数,并且将两个对象作为参数传入,在函数中分别访问它们的私有成员变量。
5. 类方法的定义方式不规范:在定义类方法时,应该将方法的实现写在类定义的外面,而不是写在类定义内部。
6. 对象的初始化方式不规范:在定义对象时,应该避免使用默认构造函数的方式进行初始化,而是应该使用带参数的构造函数进行初始化。在代码中,应该将 `Complex c1(4, 3), c2(2, 1), c3;` 改为 `Complex c1(4, 3), c2(2, 1), c3(0, 0);`。
下面是修改后的代码:
```c++
#include<iostream>
class Complex {
private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
Complex(double r=0.0, double i=0.0) {
real = r;
imag = i;
}
Complex operator+(Complex c2);
Complex operator-(Complex c2);
void display();
};
Complex Complex::operator+(Complex c2) {
Complex c;
c.real = real + c2.real;
c.imag = imag + c2.imag;
return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator-(Complex c2) {
Complex c;
c.real = real - c2.real;
c.imag = imag - c2.imag;
return c;
}
void Complex::display() {
std::cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << ")" << std::endl;
}
int main() {
Complex c1(4, 3), c2(2, 1), c3(0, 0);
std::cout << "c1=";
c1.display();
std::cout << "c2=";
c2.display();
c3 = c1 - c2;
std::cout << "c3=";
c3.display();
c3 = c1 + c2;
std::cout << "c3=";
c3.display();
return 0;
}
```
描述 请重载复数类的流插入和流提取运算符,实现复数类的输出和输入。 #include<iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; //--------------------- class Complex { private: double real,imag; public: Complex(){ real=imag=0; } Complex(double r){ real=r;imag=0; } Complex(double r,double i){ real=r;imag=i; } // 在此处补充你的代码 int main() { Complex c; cin>>c; cout<<c; } 输入 实部和虚部以英文逗号分隔 输出 实部+虚部j 样例输入 样例一:5.4,-9.0 样例二:5.4,0 样例输出 样例一:5.4-9j 样例二:5.4
-9j
可以使用友元函数来重载流插入和流提取运算符,如下所示:
```cpp
#include<iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Complex {
private:
double real,imag;
public:
Complex(){real=imag=0;}
Complex(double r){real=r;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os,const Complex & c) {
if(c.imag == 0) {
os << c.real;
} else if(c.real == 0) {
os << c.imag << "j";
} else {
os << c.real << (c.imag > 0 ? "+" : "") << c.imag << "j";
}
return os;
}
friend istream & operator>>(istream & is,Complex & c) {
string str;
is >> str;
int pos = str.find(",");
if(pos == string::npos) {
c.real = stod(str);
c.imag = 0;
} else {
c.real = stod(str.substr(0,pos));
c.imag = stod(str.substr(pos+1));
}
return is;
}
};
int main() {
Complex c;
cin >> c;
cout << c;
return 0;
}
```
在流插入运算符中,我们需要判断实部和虚部的值,如果其中一个为0,则只输出另一个;如果两者都不为0,则需要输出加号或减号以及j。
在流提取运算符中,我们可以先读入一个字符串,然后用find函数查找逗号的位置,如果没有逗号则说明只有实部,否则就有实部和虚部。最后使用substr函数提取出实部和虚部的值,并将其转换为double类型。
阅读全文