设计person类，包括私有数据成员：姓名、性别和年龄；设计类teacher继承person类，新增私有数据成员：工资；设计student类继承person类，新增私有数据成员：成绩。要求每个类中的数据通过构造函数进行初始化。在主函数中分别定义一个teacher类和student类的对象，并输出这两个对象的值。

以下是实现这个要求的 C++ 代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Person {
private:
    string name;
    char gender;
    int age;

public:
    Person(string n, char g, int a) : name(n), gender(g), age(a) {}

    string getName() const {
        return name;
    }

    char getGender() const {
        return gender;
    }

    int getAge() const {
        return age;
    }
};

class Teacher : public Person {
private:
    double salary;

public:
    Teacher(string n, char g, int a, double s) : Person(n, g, a), salary(s) {}

    double getSalary() const {
        return salary;
    }
};

class Student : public Person {
private:
    double score;

public:
    Student(string n, char g, int a, double sc) : Person(n, g, a), score(sc) {}

    double getScore() const {
        return score;
    }
};

int main() {
    Teacher t("Tom", 'M', 35, 50000);
    Student s("Lucy", 'F', 18, 90);

    cout << "Teacher: " << t.getName() << ", " << t.getGender() << ", " << t.getAge() << ", " << t.getSalary() << endl;
    cout << "Student: " << s.getName() << ", " << s.getGender() << ", " << s.getAge() << ", " << s.getScore() << endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果：

Teacher: Tom, M, 35, 50000
Student: Lucy, F, 18, 90