hal库实现usb初始化

以下是使用HAL库初始化USB的示例代码：

首先，需要在CubeMX中启用USB功能，然后在main.c文件中添加以下代码：

/* USB initialization */
  MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();

接着，在stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h文件中需要启用USB功能：

#define USE_USB_FS

最后，在stm32f4xx_hal_msp.c文件中添加以下代码：

/**
  * Initializes the USB device library.
  * Called by the HAL_Init() function in the beginning of the program.
  */
void HAL_PCD_MspInit(PCD_HandleTypeDef *hpcd)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(hpcd->Instance == USB_OTG_FS)
  {
    /* Enable peripheral clocks */
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOI_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_USB_OTG_FS_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* Configure USB FS GPIOs */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_11 | GPIO_PIN_12;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF10_OTG_FS;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_13;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF10_OTG_FS;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF10_OTG_FS;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOH, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF10_OTG_FS;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOI, &GPIO_InitStruct);

    /* Enable interrupt */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(OTG_FS_IRQn, 0x0F, 0);
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(OTG_FS_IRQn);
  }
}

/**
  * DeInitializes the USB device library.
  * Called by the HAL_DeInit() function in the end of the program.
  */
void HAL_PCD_MspDeInit(PCD_HandleTypeDef *hpcd)
{
  if(hpcd->Instance == USB_OTG_FS)
  {
    /* Disable interrupt */
    HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(OTG_FS_IRQn);

    /* Disable peripheral clocks */
    __HAL_RCC_USB_OTG_FS_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_DISABLE();
    __HAL_RCC_GPIOI_CLK_DISABLE();
  }
}

这些代码将初始化USB的GPIO和中断，并启用USB的时钟。

此外，还需要在main.c文件中添加以下中断处理函数：

void OTG_FS_IRQHandler(void)
{
  HAL_PCD_IRQHandler(&hpcd_USB_FS);
}

这会处理USB的中断并将其传递给HAL库。

完成这些步骤后，USB应该已成功初始化。