bp神经网络关于网络结构优化的实例代码

以下是一个使用PyTorch框架实现基于网络结构优化的ResNet残差网络的示例代码：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class BasicBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
        super(BasicBlock, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
        self.stride = stride

        if stride != 1 or in_channels != out_channels:
            self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
                nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
            )
        else:
            self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()

    def forward(self, x):
        identity = x

        out = self.conv1(x)
        out = self.bn1(out)
        out = self.relu(out)

        out = self.conv2(out)
        out = self.bn2(out)

        identity = self.shortcut(identity)

        out += identity
        out = self.relu(out)

        return out

class ResNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, block, layers, num_classes=10):
        super(ResNet, self).__init__()
        self.in_channels = 64

        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)

        self.layer1 = self.make_layer(block, 64, layers[0], stride=1)
        self.layer2 = self.make_layer(block, 128, layers[1], stride=2)
        self.layer3 = self.make_layer(block, 256, layers[2], stride=2)
        self.layer4 = self.make_layer(block, 512, layers[3], stride=2)

        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
        self.fc = nn.Linear(512, num_classes)

    def make_layer(self, block, out_channels, blocks, stride):
        layers = []
        layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride))
        self.in_channels = out_channels
        for i in range(1, blocks):
            layers.append(block(self.in_channels, out_channels, stride=1))
        return nn.Sequential(*layers)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.bn1(x)
        x = self.relu(x)

        x = self.layer1(x)
        x = self.layer2(x)
        x = self.layer3(x)
        x = self.layer4(x)

        x = self.avg_pool(x)
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        x = self.fc(x)

        return x

def ResNet18():
    return ResNet(BasicBlock, [2, 2, 2, 2])

def ResNet34():
    return ResNet(BasicBlock, [3, 4, 6, 3])

def ResNet50():
    return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 4, 6, 3])

def ResNet101():
    return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 4, 23, 3])

def ResNet152():
    return ResNet(Bottleneck, [3, 8, 36, 3])

在上面的代码中，我们定义了一个基本块（BasicBlock）和一个ResNet网络，其中基本块由两个卷积层和一个跨层连接组成，ResNet网络由若干个基本块堆叠而成。在ResNet网络中，我们使用了make_layer函数来构建不同层数和不同输出通道数的残差块。通过使用ResNet网络，我们可以有效地减少神经网络的深度，提高神经网络的性能和泛化能力。