专科生：学号、姓名、性别、年龄、实习地点 本科生：学号、姓名、性别、年龄、毕业设计题目 研究生：学号、姓名、性别、年龄、指导教师 1.建立类模型、必须抽出基类 2.定义基类（抽象类），对各个属性能进行get和set，将输出函数output（）定义为纯虚函数已备在派生类中能输出各数据成员 3.定义派生类，增加相应数据成员，实现设置（set）和得到（get）数据成员，并实现output函数 4.设计本科生类、要求完成构造函数、拷贝构造函数、和析构函数 5.采用友元重载输入''>>"、输出"<<''运算符，完成本科生类的输入输出重载 6.设计一个仿函数对本科生进行比较，规则按照年龄大小（降序）排序，若年龄相同按学号升序排序 7.采用vector和list，编写一个函数完成正向输出所有元素 8.写出主函数，输入若干个本科生放入vector和list容器，调用仿函数完成对本科生的排序，调用7中函数输出所有本科生信息。 用c++实现

基类：

class Student {
protected:
    int id;
    string name;
    char gender;
    int age;
public:
    Student(int id, string name, char gender, int age) : id(id), name(name), gender(gender), age(age) {}
    virtual ~Student() {}
    int getId() const { return id; }
    string getName() const { return name; }
    char getGender() const { return gender; }
    int getAge() const { return age; }
    virtual void output() const = 0;
};

本科生类：

class Undergraduate : public Student {
private:
    string thesisTitle;
public:
    Undergraduate(int id, string name, char gender, int age, string thesisTitle) : Student(id, name, gender, age), thesisTitle(thesisTitle) {}
    Undergraduate(const Undergraduate& other) : Student(other.id, other.name, other.gender, other.age), thesisTitle(other.thesisTitle) {}
    ~Undergraduate() {}
    string getThesisTitle() const { return thesisTitle; }
    void setThesisTitle(const string& thesisTitle) { this->thesisTitle = thesisTitle; }
    void output() const {
        cout << "Undergraduate student: " << id << ", " << name << ", " << gender << ", " << age << ", " << thesisTitle << endl;
    }
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Undergraduate& u);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Undergraduate& u);
    friend bool operator<(const Undergraduate& u1, const Undergraduate& u2);
};

重载输入输出运算符：

istream& operator>>(istream& is, Undergraduate& u) {
    is >> u.id >> u.name >> u.gender >> u.age >> u.thesisTitle;
    return is;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Undergraduate& u) {
    os << "Undergraduate student: " << u.id << ", " << u.name << ", " << u.gender << ", " << u.age << ", " << u.thesisTitle << endl;
    return os;
}

定义仿函数进行排序：

struct UndergraduateComparator {
    bool operator()(const Undergraduate& u1, const Undergraduate& u2) {
        if (u1.getAge() != u2.getAge()) {
            return u1.getAge() > u2.getAge(); // 按年龄降序排列
        }
        return u1.getId() < u2.getId(); // 年龄相同按学号升序排列
    }
};

使用 vector 和 list 输出所有元素：

void outputAll(const vector<Undergraduate>& v, const list<Undergraduate>& l) {
    cout << "vector:" << endl;
    for (const auto& u : v) {
        u.output();
    }
    cout << "list:" << endl;
    for (const auto& u : l) {
        u.output();
    }
}

主函数：

int main() {
    vector<Undergraduate> v;
    list<Undergraduate> l;
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        Undergraduate u;
        cin >> u;
        v.push_back(u);
        l.push_back(u);
    }
    sort(v.begin(), v.end(), UndergraduateComparator());
    l.sort(UndergraduateComparator());
    outputAll(v, l);
    return 0;
}