python实现五子棋人机对战

五子棋是一种非常经典的棋类游戏，人机对战的实现可以用Python语言来完成。

首先，需要安装Python的GUI库Tkinter。然后，我们可以通过编写一个五子棋游戏的类来实现人机对战的功能。以下是一个简单的五子棋游戏类的实现：

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox

class Gobang:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.title("五子棋人机对战")
        self.master.geometry("550x550")
        self.color = "black"
        self.checkerboard = [[0 for i in range(15)] for j in range(15)]
        self.create_widgets()

    def create_widgets(self):
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.master, bg="white", width=450, height=450)
        self.canvas.pack(side="left", padx=20, pady=20)
        for i in range(15):
            self.canvas.create_line(25, 25 + i * 30, 425, 25 + i * 30)
            self.canvas.create_line(25 + i * 30, 25, 25 + i * 30, 425)
        self.canvas.bind("<Button-1>", self.put_chess)

        self.restart_button = tk.Button(self.master, text="重新开始", command=self.restart_game)
        self.restart_button.pack(side="top", padx=10, pady=10)

    def put_chess(self, event):
        x = (event.x - 25) // 30
        y = (event.y - 25) // 30
        if x >= 0 and x <= 14 and y >= 0 and y <= 14 and self.checkerboard[y][x] == 0:
            if self.color == "black":
                self.canvas.create_oval(x * 30 + 5, y * 30 + 5, x * 30 + 25, y * 30 + 25, fill="black")
                self.checkerboard[y][x] = 1
                self.color = "white"
                if self.check_win(x, y, 1):
                    self.show_win("black")
                    return
                self.computer_put_chess()
            else:
                self.canvas.create_oval(x * 30 + 5, y * 30 + 5, x * 30 + 25, y * 30 + 25, fill="white")
                self.checkerboard[y][x] = 2
                self.color = "black"
                if self.check_win(x, y, 2):
                    self.show_win("white")

    def computer_put_chess(self):
        x = 0
        y = 0
        max_score = -1000000
        for i in range(15):
            for j in range(15):
                if self.checkerboard[i][j] == 0:
                    score = self.evaluate(j, i)
                    if score > max_score:
                        max_score = score
                        x = j
                        y = i
        self.canvas.create_oval(x * 30 + 5, y * 30 + 5, x * 30 + 25, y * 30 + 25, fill="white")
        self.checkerboard[y][x] = 2
        self.color = "black"
        if self.check_win(x, y, 2):
            self.show_win("white")

    def evaluate(self, x, y):
        score = 0
        score += self.evaluate_direction(x, y, 1, 0)
        score += self.evaluate_direction(x, y, 0, 1)
        score += self.evaluate_direction(x, y, 1, 1)
        score += self.evaluate_direction(x, y, 1, -1)
        return score

    def evaluate_direction(self, x, y, dx, dy):
        score = 0
        if x < 0 or x > 14 or y < 0 or y > 14:
            return 0
        if self.checkerboard[y][x] == 0:
            score += 10
        elif self.checkerboard[y][x] == 1:
            score += 100
        else:
            score += 500
        for i in range(1, 5):
            nx = x + i * dx
            ny = y + i * dy
            if nx < 0 or nx > 14 or ny < 0 or ny > 14:
                break
            if self.checkerboard[ny][nx] == 0:
                score += 10
            elif self.checkerboard[ny][nx] == 1:
                score += 100
                break
            else:
                score += 500
                break
        for i in range(1, 5):
            nx = x - i * dx
            ny = y - i * dy
            if nx < 0 or nx > 14 or ny < 0 or ny > 14:
                break
            if self.checkerboard[ny][nx] == 0:
                score += 10
            elif self.checkerboard[ny][nx] == 1:
                score += 100
                break
            else:
                score += 500
                break
        return score

    def check_win(self, x, y, color):
        count = 1
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x + i < 15 and self.checkerboard[y][x + i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x - i >= 0 and self.checkerboard[y][x - i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        if count >= 5:
            return True
        count = 1
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if y + i < 15 and self.checkerboard[y + i][x] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if y - i >= 0 and self.checkerboard[y - i][x] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        if count >= 5:
            return True
        count = 1
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x + i < 15 and y + i < 15 and self.checkerboard[y + i][x + i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x - i >= 0 and y - i >= 0 and self.checkerboard[y - i][x - i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        if count >= 5:
            return True
        count = 1
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x + i < 15 and y - i >= 0 and self.checkerboard[y - i][x + i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        for i in range(1, 5):
            if x - i >= 0 and y + i < 15 and self.checkerboard[y + i][x - i] == color:
                count += 1
            else:
                break
        if count >= 5:
            return True
        return False

    def show_win(self, color):
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo("游戏结束", color + "赢了！")
        self.restart_game()

    def restart_game(self):
        self.color = "black"
        self.checkerboard = [[0 for i in range(15)] for j in range(15)]
        self.canvas.delete("all")
        for i in range(15):
            self.canvas.create_line(25, 25 + i * 30, 425, 25 + i * 30)
            self.canvas.create_line(25 + i * 30, 25, 25 + i * 30, 425)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = tk.Tk()
    app = Gobang(root)
    root.mainloop()

以上代码实现了一个基本的五子棋游戏，包括棋盘的绘制、棋子的下放、判断胜负等功能。其中，计算机下棋的算法使用了简单的评估函数，可以通过不断优化算法来提高计算机的水平。