vba代码用回溯方法做一个9×9的数独
时间: 2024-02-26 14:52:08 浏览: 190
好的,下面是使用VBA代码实现数独的回溯方法:
1. 首先,我们需要在VBA中创建一个模块,命名为“SudokuSolver”。
2. 然后,在模块中声明一个全局变量“board”,用于存储数独矩阵。
```
Option Explicit
Public board(1 To 9, 1 To 9) As Integer
```
3. 接下来,我们需要编写一个函数“SolveSudoku”,用于解决数独。该函数的输入参数是一个数独矩阵,输出参数为解决后的数独矩阵。
```
Public Function SolveSudoku(inputBoard As Variant) As Variant
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer
'复制输入的数独矩阵到全局变量中
For i = 1 To 9
For j = 1 To 9
board(i, j) = inputBoard(i, j)
Next j
Next i
'调用回溯函数解决数独
If BacktrackingSudoku() Then
SolveSudoku = board
Else
SolveSudoku = "No solution found."
End If
End Function
```
4. 接着,我们需要编写一个回溯函数“BacktrackingSudoku”,用于递归地解决数独。该函数返回一个布尔值,表示是否找到了解决方案。
```
Private Function BacktrackingSudoku() As Boolean
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, k As Integer
'寻找下一个空格
i = 1
j = 1
For i = 1 To 9
For j = 1 To 9
If board(i, j) = 0 Then
'找到一个空格,尝试填入数字
For k = 1 To 9
If IsValid(i, j, k) Then
board(i, j) = k
'递归调用回溯函数
If BacktrackingSudoku() Then
BacktrackingSudoku = True
Exit Function
End If
board(i, j) = 0 '回溯
End If
Next k
Exit Function '所有数字都试过了都不行,返回false
End If
Next j
Next i
'数独已经解决
BacktrackingSudoku = True
End Function
```
5. 最后,我们需要编写一个函数“IsValid”,用于判断在指定的行、列和九宫格中填入指定数字是否合法。该函数返回一个布尔值,表示填入的数字是否合法。
```
Private Function IsValid(row As Integer, col As Integer, num As Integer) As Boolean
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer
'检查所在行是否有重复数字
For j = 1 To 9
If board(row, j) = num Then
IsValid = False
Exit Function
End If
Next j
'检查所在列是否有重复数字
For i = 1 To 9
If board(i, col) = num Then
IsValid = False
Exit Function
End If
Next i
'检查所在九宫格是否有重复数字
Dim startRow As Integer, startCol As Integer
startRow = (row - 1) \ 3 * 3 + 1
startCol = (col - 1) \ 3 * 3 + 1
For i = startRow To startRow + 2
For j = startCol To startCol + 2
If board(i, j) = num Then
IsValid = False
Exit Function
End If
Next j
Next i
'填入数字合法
IsValid = True
End Function
```
到此为止,我们已经完成了使用VBA代码实现数独的回溯方法。可以通过调用“SolveSudoku”函数来解决数独。
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