friend ostream &operator <<(ostream &,const Point &)
时间: 2023-08-27 20:07:13 浏览: 98
这是一个重载运算符的函数,作用是将 Point 类型的对象输出到流中。具体实现如下:
```cpp
ostream &operator <<(ostream &out, const Point &p) {
out << "(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ")";
return out;
}
```
其中,第一个参数是一个输出流对象,第二个参数是要输出的 Point 类型的对象。函数体内将 Point 对象的 x 和 y 坐标输出到流中,并在两个坐标之间添加逗号和空格,最终输出的形式类似于 (x, y) 的形式。这个函数返回输出流对象的引用,以便于链式调用。例如,可以将多个 Point 对象连续输出到一个流中,如下所示:
```cpp
Point p1(1, 2), p2(3, 4), p3(5, 6);
cout << p1 << " " << p2 << " " << p3 << endl;
```
输出结果为:
```
(1, 2) (3, 4) (5, 6)
```
相关问题
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& s);
`friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& s);` 是C++编程中的一个友元函数声明,它定义了如何将一个`String`类型的对象转换并输出到`ostream`流(如`std::cout`)中。`operator<<`是一个称为插入运算符的成员函数重载,它的作用是将`s`对象的数据插入到输出流`out`里,使得我们可以在控制台上看到`String`的内容。
这个函数原型的意思是:
1. 它是`ostream`类的一个朋友函数,意味着它可以访问`ostream`类私有或受保护的部分,而不需要类的对象实例。
2. 参数`out`是一个指向`ostream`类型的引用,它是左操作数,代表输出流。
3. 参数`s`是一个`const String&`,即常量版本的`String`引用,它是右操作数,代表要插入输出流的数据。
例如,你可以这样使用这个函数:
```cpp
String myString = "Hello, world!";
std::cout << myString; // 输出 "Hello, world!"
```
#include <iostream>using namespace std;const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;class Point {public: Point(double xx = 0, double yy = 0) : x(xx), y(yy) {} friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Point& p); friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Point& p);protected: double x, y;};istream& operator>>(istream& is, Point& p) { is >> p.x >> p.y; return is;}ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Point& p) { os << "(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ")"; return os;}class Circle : public Point {public: Circle(double xx = 0, double yy = 0, double rr = 0) : Point(xx, yy), r(rr) {} double area() const { return PI * r * r; } friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Circle& c); friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Circle& c);protected: double r;};istream& operator>>(istream& is, Circle& c) { is >> static_cast<Point&>(c) >> c.r; return is;}ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Circle& c) { os << "Center: " << static_cast<const Point&>(c) << ", Radius: " << c.r; return os;}class Cylinder : public Circle {public: Cylinder(double xx = 0, double yy = 0, double rr = 0, double hh = 0) : Circle(xx, yy, rr), h(hh) {} double volume() const { return Circle::area() * h; } friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Cylinder& cy); friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Cylinder& cy);protected: double h;};istream& operator>>(istream& is, Cylinder& cy) { is >> static_cast<Circle&>(cy) >> cy.h; return is;}ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Cylinder& cy) { os << "Base: " << static_cast<const Circle&>(cy) << ", Height: " << cy.h; return os;}int main() { Circle c(0, 0, 1); cout << "Input circle info: "; cin >> c; cout << c << endl; cout << "Circle area: " << c.area() << endl; Cylinder cy(0, 0, 1, 2); cout << "Input cylinder info: "; cin >> cy; cout << cy << endl; cout << "Cylinder volume: " << cy.volume() << endl; return 0;}输出结果是
Input circle info: 1 2
Center: (1, 2), Radius: 1
Circle area: 3.14159
Input cylinder info: 1 2 3
Base: Center: (1, 2), Radius: 3.14159, Radius: 3
, Height: 3
Cylinder volume: 28.2743
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