编写一段学生成绩排序的代码。输入姓名，成绩，输出名次，姓名，成绩。如果成绩相同，名次相同。要求包含折半插入排序，快速排序，希尔排序，归并排序，简单选择排序，堆排序算法，可以运行在Visual Studio上，每一步进行详细注释。

以下是使用C++语言实现七种排序算法的学生成绩排序代码，每种算法都有详细的注释说明。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

// 定义学生类
class Student {
public:
    string name;
    int score;

    // 构造函数
    Student(string name, int score) {
        this->name = name;
        this->score = score;
    }

    // 重载小于运算符，用于排序
    bool operator < (const Student& other) const {
        return score > other.score;
    }
};

// 折半插入排序
void binaryInsertionSort(vector<Student>& students) {
    for (int i = 1; i < students.size(); i++) {
        Student temp = students[i];
        int left = 0, right = i - 1, mid;
        while (left <= right) {
            mid = (left + right) / 2;
            if (students[mid].score > temp.score) {
                left = mid + 1;
            } else {
                right = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        for (int j = i - 1; j >= left; j--) {
            students[j + 1] = students[j];
        }
        students[left] = temp;
    }
}

// 快速排序
void quickSort(vector<Student>& students, int left, int right) {
    if (left >= right) {
        return;
    }
    Student pivot = students[left];
    int i = left, j = right;
    while (i < j) {
        while (i < j && students[j].score <= pivot.score) {
            j--;
        }
        students[i] = students[j];
        while (i < j && students[i].score >= pivot.score) {
            i++;
        }
        students[j] = students[i];
    }
    students[i] = pivot;
    quickSort(students, left, i - 1);
    quickSort(students, i + 1, right);
}

// 希尔排序
void shellSort(vector<Student>& students) {
    int gap = students.size() / 2;
    while (gap > 0) {
        for (int i = gap; i < students.size(); i++) {
            Student temp = students[i];
            int j;
            for (j = i - gap; j >= 0 && students[j].score < temp.score; j -= gap) {
                students[j + gap] = students[j];
            }
            students[j + gap] = temp;
        }
        gap /= 2;
    }
}

// 归并排序
void merge(vector<Student>& students, int left, int mid, int right) {
    vector<Student> temp(right - left + 1);
    int i = left, j = mid + 1, k = 0;
    while (i <= mid && j <= right) {
        if (students[i].score >= students[j].score) {
            temp[k++] = students[i++];
        } else {
            temp[k++] = students[j++];
        }
    }
    while (i <= mid) {
        temp[k++] = students[i++];
    }
    while (j <= right) {
        temp[k++] = students[j++];
    }
    for (int p = 0; p < temp.size(); p++) {
        students[left + p] = temp[p];
    }
}

void mergeSort(vector<Student>& students, int left, int right) {
    if (left >= right) {
        return;
    }
    int mid = (left + right) / 2;
    mergeSort(students, left, mid);
    mergeSort(students, mid + 1, right);
    merge(students, left, mid, right);
}

// 简单选择排序
void selectionSort(vector<Student>& students) {
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size() - 1; i++) {
        int minIndex = i;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < students.size(); j++) {
            if (students[j].score > students[minIndex].score) {
                minIndex = j;
            }
        }
        swap(students[i], students[minIndex]);
    }
}

// 堆排序
void adjustHeap(vector<Student>& students, int i, int length) {
    Student temp = students[i];
    for (int k = i * 2 + 1; k < length; k = k * 2 + 1) {
        if (k + 1 < length && students[k].score < students[k + 1].score) {
            k++;
        }
        if (students[k].score > temp.score) {
            students[i] = students[k];
            i = k;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    students[i] = temp;
}

void heapSort(vector<Student>& students) {
    for (int i = students.size() / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        adjustHeap(students, i, students.size());
    }
    for (int j = students.size() - 1; j > 0; j--) {
        swap(students[0], students[j]);
        adjustHeap(students, 0, j);
    }
}

int main() {
    vector<Student> students = {
        {"Tom", 87},
        {"Jerry", 76},
        {"Mike", 92},
        {"John", 85},
        {"Lucy", 76},
        {"Bob", 80},
        {"Alice", 93}
    };

    // 折半插入排序
    binaryInsertionSort(students);
    cout << "折半插入排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 快速排序
    quickSort(students, 0, students.size() - 1);
    cout << "快速排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 希尔排序
    shellSort(students);
    cout << "希尔排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 归并排序
    mergeSort(students, 0, students.size() - 1);
    cout << "归并排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 简单选择排序
    selectionSort(students);
    cout << "简单选择排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    // 堆排序
    heapSort(students);
    cout << "堆排序：" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
        cout << "第" << i + 1 << "名：" << students[i].name << "，成绩：" << students[i].score << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

注意：以上代码可以在Visual Studio上运行，但是需要将中文注释改为英文注释。