高考生主要分为文科生与理科生，文科生的考试科目为：语文、外语、数学和文综，理科生的考试科目为：语文、外语、数学和理综。但是参加高考考试的还有一部分考生称为艺体生，他们除了参加文化课考试外还要参加专业考试。要求使用继承的思想设计类，使用类创建一组对象，表示不同类别的高考生信息，按普通文科生、普通理科生、文科艺术生、理科艺术生、文科体育生、理科体育生类别，按总分由高到低的顺序输出考生信息（考号、姓名、四门课成绩与总分），对于普通考生类别而言，如果总分相同，则按考号由小到大顺序输出；对于艺体生类别而言，如果总分（含专业课成绩）相同，则按专业课成绩由高到低的顺序输出，若专业课成绩也相同则按考号由小到大的顺序输出。 要求使用类的继承完成程序设计。 输入：普通文理生人数，普通文理生信息，艺体生人数，艺体生信息（普通文理生文理分类要求：1-文，2-理；艺体生先有文理分类，再有艺术、体育分类：1-艺术，2-体育） 输出：排序后的考生信息包括：学号,姓名,各科分数,总分,类别。利用Java语言编写程序完整版

首先，我们需要创建一个学生类（Student），其中包括属性：考号（id）、姓名（name）、语文成绩（chinese）、外语成绩（english）、数学成绩（mathematics）、总分（totalScore）、类型（type）。其中，类型可以是普通文理生、文科艺术生、理科艺术生、文科体育生和理科体育生。然后，我们创建几个普通文理生类（GeneralArtStudent、GeneralScienceStudent）、艺术生类（ArtStudent）、体育生类（PhysicalEducationStudent），它们都是学生类的子类，因此可以继承学生类中的属性和方法。每种类别的学生类中可以再定义一些特有的属性（如专业考试成绩）和方法（如计算总分）。
最后，我们在主函数中创建一组学生对象，存储学生信息，根据不同的类别和排序规则，对学生对象进行排序，然后输出排序结果。下面是详细的程序实现：

import java.util.*;

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
    protected int id; // 考号
    protected String name; // 姓名
    protected int chinese; // 语文成绩
    protected int english; // 外语成绩
    protected int mathematics; // 数学成绩
    protected int totalScore; // 总分
    protected String type; // 类型

    // 构造方法
    public Student(int id, String name, int chinese, int english, int mathematics, String type) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.chinese = chinese;
        this.english = english;
        this.mathematics = mathematics;
        this.type = type;
        this.totalScore = chinese + english + mathematics;
    }

    // 实现Comparable接口中的compareTo方法，用于排序
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        if(this.totalScore != o.totalScore) {
            return o.totalScore - this.totalScore;
        } else {
            return this.id - o.id;
        }
    }

    // 重写toString方法，方便输出
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return id + "," + name + "," + chinese + "," + english + "," + mathematics + "," + totalScore + "," + type;
    }
}

// 普通文科生
class GeneralArtStudent extends Student {
    public GeneralArtStudent(int id, String name, int chinese, int english, int mathematics) {
        super(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, "普通文科生");
    }
}

// 普通理科生
class GeneralScienceStudent extends Student {
    public GeneralScienceStudent(int id, String name, int chinese, int english, int mathematics) {
        super(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, "普通理科生");
    }
}

// 艺术生
class ArtStudent extends Student {
    private int professionalScore; // 专业考试成绩

    public ArtStudent(int id, String name, int chinese, int english, int mathematics, int professionalScore) {
        super(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, "艺术生");
        this.professionalScore = professionalScore;
        this.totalScore += professionalScore; // 总分包括专业考试成绩
    }

    // 重写compareTo方法，按照专业考试成绩排序
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        if(this.totalScore != o.totalScore) {
            return o.totalScore - this.totalScore;
        } else {
            if(o.type.equals("艺术生") && this.type.equals("艺术生")) {
                ArtStudent artStudent1 = (ArtStudent)this;
                ArtStudent artStudent2 = (ArtStudent)o;
                if(artStudent1.professionalScore != artStudent2.professionalScore) {
                    return artStudent2.professionalScore - artStudent1.professionalScore;
                } else {
                    return artStudent1.id - artStudent2.id;
                }
            } else { // 其他情况与父类一致
                return super.compareTo(o);
            }
        }
    }

    // 重写toString方法，方便输出
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + "," + professionalScore;
    }
}

// 体育生
class PhysicalEducationStudent extends Student {
    private int professionalScore; // 专业考试成绩

    public PhysicalEducationStudent(int id, String name, int chinese, int english, int mathematics, int professionalScore) {
        super(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, "体育生");
        this.professionalScore = professionalScore;
        this.totalScore += professionalScore; // 总分包括专业考试成绩
    }

    // 重写compareTo方法，按照专业考试成绩排序
    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        if(this.totalScore != o.totalScore) {
            return o.totalScore - this.totalScore;
        } else {
            if(o.type.equals("体育生") && this.type.equals("体育生")) {
                PhysicalEducationStudent peStudent1 = (PhysicalEducationStudent)this;
                PhysicalEducationStudent peStudent2 = (PhysicalEducationStudent)o;
                if(peStudent1.professionalScore != peStudent2.professionalScore) {
                    return peStudent2.professionalScore - peStudent1.professionalScore;
                } else {
                    return peStudent1.id - peStudent2.id;
                }
            } else { // 其他情况与父类一致
                return super.compareTo(o);
            }
        }
    }

    // 重写toString方法，方便输出
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + "," + professionalScore;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();

        // 输入普通文科生人数和信息
        int n1 = sc.nextInt();
        for(int i = 0; i < n1; i++) {
            int id = sc.nextInt();
            String name = sc.next();
            int chinese = sc.nextInt();
            int english = sc.nextInt();
            int mathematics = sc.nextInt();
            GeneralArtStudent student = new GeneralArtStudent(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics);
            studentList.add(student);
        }

        // 输入普通理科生人数和信息
        int n2 = sc.nextInt();
        for(int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
            int id = sc.nextInt();
            String name = sc.next();
            int chinese = sc.nextInt();
            int english = sc.nextInt();
            int mathematics = sc.nextInt();
            GeneralScienceStudent student = new GeneralScienceStudent(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics);
            studentList.add(student);
        }

        // 输入艺术生人数和信息
        int n3 = sc.nextInt();
        for(int i = 0; i < n3; i++) {
            int id = sc.nextInt();
            String name = sc.next();
            int chinese = sc.nextInt();
            int english = sc.nextInt();
            int mathematics = sc.nextInt();
            int professionalScore = sc.nextInt();
            ArtStudent student = new ArtStudent(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, professionalScore);
            studentList.add(student);
        }

        // 输入体育生人数和信息
        int n4 = sc.nextInt();
        for(int i = 0; i < n4; i++) {
            int id = sc.nextInt();
            String name = sc.next();
            int chinese = sc.nextInt();
            int english = sc.nextInt();
            int mathematics = sc.nextInt();
            int professionalScore = sc.nextInt();
            PhysicalEducationStudent student = new PhysicalEducationStudent(id, name, chinese, english, mathematics, professionalScore);
            studentList.add(student);
        }

        // 对学生信息进行排序
        Collections.sort(studentList);

        // 输出排序结果
        for(Student student : studentList) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }
}