num=$[RANDOM%3] computer=${game[$num]} 什么意思？

这是一个Shell脚本命令，其中包含两个变量和一个数组：

- `$RANDOM` 是一个Shell内置变量，用于生成一个随机数。
- `%` 是取模运算符，用于将随机数除以3并取余数，结果为0、1、2中的一个。
- `game` 是一个数组，包含三个元素，分别是字符串"石头"、"剪刀"和"布"。
- `${game[$num]}` 表示从数组 `game` 中取出索引为 `$num` 的元素。根据上面的取模运算结果，`$num` 可能为0、1或2，所以 `${game[$num]}` 可能为"石头"、"剪刀"或"布"中的一个。
- `computer` 是一个变量，用于保存 `${game[$num]}` 取出的字符串结果。

相关问题

#include <iostream>#include <random>#include <string>#include <algorithm>#include <cctype>using namespace std;const int MAX_WRONG = 6;const string WORDS[] = {"HELLO", "WORLD", "COMPUTER", "PROGRAMMING", "LANGUAGE"};const int NUM_WORDS = sizeof(WORDS) / sizeof(string);// 生成随机数int getRandomNumber(int min, int max) { random_device rd; mt19937 gen(rd()); uniform_int_distribution<> dis(min, max); return dis(gen);}// 判断字符是否已经猜过bool isGuessAlreadyMade(char guess, const string& lettersGuessed) { return (lettersGuessed.find(guess) != string::npos);}// 猜词游戏逻辑void playGame() { string word = WORDS[getRandomNumber(0, NUM_WORDS - 1)]; int wrongGuesses = 0; string guessedSoFar(word.size(), '_'); string lettersGuessed; cout << "Welcome to Hangman. Good luck!\n\n"; while (wrongGuesses < MAX_WRONG && guessedSoFar != word) { cout << "You have " << MAX_WRONG - wrongGuesses << " incorrect guesses left.\n"; cout << "You've used the following letters:\n"; for (char letter : lettersGuessed) { cout << letter << " "; } cout << endl; cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl; char guess; cout << "\nEnter your guess: "; cin.get(guess); guess = toupper(guess); if (isGuessAlreadyMade(guess, lettersGuessed)) { cout << "You've already guessed " << guess << endl; continue; } lettersGuessed += guess; if (word.find(guess) != string::npos) { cout << "That's right! " << guess << " is in the word.\n"; replace(guessedSoFar.begin(), guessedSoFar.end(), '_', guess); } else { cout << "Sorry, " << guess << " isn't in the word.\n"; ++wrongGuesses; } } if (wrongGuesses == MAX_WRONG) { cout << "\nYou've been hanged!"; } else { cout << "\nYou guessed it!"; } cout << "\nThe word was " << word << endl;}int main() { char playAgain = 'y'; while (tolower(playAgain) == 'y') { playGame(); cout << "Do you want to play again? (y/n): "; cin >> playAgain; } return 0;}改良这段代码

这段代码已经比较简洁明了，但还有一些可以改良的地方：

1. 可以在输入时避免出现多余的回车符：

cout << "\nEnter your guess: ";
cin >> guess;
guess = toupper(guess);

2. 可以在猜中字母后直接输出猜测过的字母，而不需要再次遍历字符串：

if (word.find(guess) != string::npos) {
    cout << "That's right! " << guess << " is in the word.\n";
    replace(guessedSoFar.begin(), guessedSoFar.end(), '_', guess);
    cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl;
} else {
    cout << "Sorry, " << guess << " isn't in the word.\n";
    ++wrongGuesses;
    cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl;
}

3. 可以将一些常量定义为全局变量，方便修改和维护：

const int MAX_WRONG = 6;
const string WORDS[] = {"HELLO", "WORLD", "COMPUTER", "PROGRAMMING", "LANGUAGE"};
const int NUM_WORDS = sizeof(WORDS) / sizeof(string);

改良后的代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

const int MAX_WRONG = 6;
const string WORDS[] = {"HELLO", "WORLD", "COMPUTER", "PROGRAMMING", "LANGUAGE"};
const int NUM_WORDS = sizeof(WORDS) / sizeof(string);

int getRandomNumber(int min, int max) {
    random_device rd;
    mt19937 gen(rd());
    uniform_int_distribution<> dis(min, max);
    return dis(gen);
}

bool isGuessAlreadyMade(char guess, const string& lettersGuessed) {
    return (lettersGuessed.find(guess) != string::npos);
}

void playGame() {
    string word = WORDS[getRandomNumber(0, NUM_WORDS - 1)];
    int wrongGuesses = 0;
    string guessedSoFar(word.size(), '_');
    string lettersGuessed;
    cout << "Welcome to Hangman. Good luck!\n\n";
    while (wrongGuesses < MAX_WRONG && guessedSoFar != word) {
        cout << "You have " << MAX_WRONG - wrongGuesses << " incorrect guesses left.\n";
        cout << "You've used the following letters:\n";
        for (char letter : lettersGuessed) {
            cout << letter << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
        cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl;
        char guess;
        cout << "\nEnter your guess: ";
        cin >> guess;
        guess = toupper(guess);
        if (isGuessAlreadyMade(guess, lettersGuessed)) {
            cout << "You've already guessed " << guess << endl;
            continue;
        }
        lettersGuessed += guess;
        if (word.find(guess) != string::npos) {
            cout << "That's right! " << guess << " is in the word.\n";
            replace(guessedSoFar.begin(), guessedSoFar.end(), '_', guess);
            cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl;
        } else {
            cout << "Sorry, " << guess << " isn't in the word.\n";
            ++wrongGuesses;
            cout << "So far, the word is:\n" << guessedSoFar << endl;
        }
    }
    if (wrongGuesses == MAX_WRONG) {
        cout << "\nYou've been hanged!";
    } else {
        cout << "\nYou guessed it!";
    }
    cout << "\nThe word was " << word << endl;
}

int main() {
    char playAgain = 'y';
    while (tolower(playAgain) == 'y') {
        playGame();
        cout << "Do you want to play again? (y/n): ";
        cin >> playAgain;
    }
    return 0;
}

21根火柴游戏。现有21根火柴，两人轮流取，每人每次可以取1至4根，不可多取（假如多取或者取走的数量不在合法的范围内，则要求重新输入），也不能不取，谁取最后一根火柴谁输。请编写一个程序进行人机对弈，要求人先取，计算机后取；请设计一种计算机取走火柴的规则，使得计算机一方为常胜将军。 **输入格式要求："%d" 提示信息："Game begin:\n" "How many sticks do you wish to take (1~%d)?" **输出格式要求：" %d sticks left in the pile.\n" " You have taken the last sticks.\n" " ***You lose!\nGame Over.\n" "Computer take %d sticks.\n"

好的，我知道了。下面是代码实现：

import random

def take_sticks(num_sticks):
    """
    人类玩家取走火柴棒的函数
    """
    while True:
        take = int(input("How many sticks do you wish to take (1~%d)? " % min(num_sticks, 4)))
        if take < 1 or take > min(num_sticks, 4):
            print("Invalid input, please input again.")
        else:
            break
    return take

def computer_take_sticks(num_sticks):
    """
    计算机取走火柴棒的函数
    """
    # 如果当前只剩下1~4根火柴，则直接取走全部
    if num_sticks <= 4:
        return num_sticks
    # 计算机采用随机策略，随机取1~4根火柴
    else:
        return random.randint(1, 4)

def main():
    # 初始化火柴数量为21
    num_sticks = 21
    # 游戏开始
    print("Game begin:")
    # 进入游戏循环
    while num_sticks > 0:
        # 人类玩家先取走火柴棒
        take = take_sticks(num_sticks)
        num_sticks -= take
        print("%d sticks left in the pile." % num_sticks)
        # 如果已经取走了最后一根火柴，人类玩家输掉游戏
        if num_sticks == 0:
            print(" You have taken the last sticks.")
            print(" ***You lose!\nGame Over.")
            break
        # 计算机取走火柴棒
        computer_take = computer_take_sticks(num_sticks)
        num_sticks -= computer_take
        print("Computer take %d sticks." % computer_take)
        print("%d sticks left in the pile." % num_sticks)
        # 如果已经取走了最后一根火柴，计算机赢得游戏
        if num_sticks == 0:
            print("Computer has taken the last sticks.")
            print(" ***You win!\nGame Over.")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这个程序中，我们定义了两个函数： `take_sticks(num_sticks)` 和 `computer_take_sticks(num_sticks)`，分别用于人类玩家和计算机取走火柴棒。其中， `take_sticks(num_sticks)` 函数会提示人类玩家输入取走的火柴数量，直到输入合法为止； `computer_take_sticks(num_sticks)` 函数采用随机策略，随机取1~4根火柴棒。在程序的主函数 `main()` 中，我们首先初始化火柴数量为21，然后进入游戏循环。在每个循环中，先让人类玩家取走火柴棒，然后判断是否已经取走了最后一根火柴棒，如果是，则人类玩家输掉游戏；否则，让计算机取走火柴棒，然后判断是否已经取走了最后一根火柴棒，如果是，则计算机赢得游戏。