VS图形学建立立方体

要在 VS 中建立立方体，可以使用 DirectX 图形库进行绘制。下面是一个简单的示例代码：

#include <Windows.h>
#include <d3d9.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480

LPDIRECT3D9 d3d; // DirectX 对象
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev; // DirectX 设备
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 v_buffer = NULL; // 顶点缓存

struct CUSTOMVERTEX { // 自定义顶点结构体
    FLOAT x, y, z;
    DWORD color;
};

#define CUSTOMFVF (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)

// 初始化 DirectX
void initD3D(HWND hWnd) {
    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; // DirectX 设备参数
    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH;
    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT;

    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
        D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &d3ddev);
}

// 渲染帧
void render_frame(void) {
    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0), 1.0f, 0);

    d3ddev->BeginScene();

    // 设置顶点缓存
    d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, v_buffer, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX));
    d3ddev->SetFVF(CUSTOMFVF);

    // 绘制立方体
    d3ddev->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 12);

    d3ddev->EndScene();

    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

// 清理 DirectX 对象
void cleanD3D(void) {
    v_buffer->Release();
    d3ddev->Release();
    d3d->Release();
}

// 创建顶点缓存
void init_graphics(void) {
    CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] = {
        { -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255) },
        { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 0) },
        { -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0) },
        { 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 255, 255) },
        { -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 255) },
        { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 0) },
        { -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0) },
        { 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(128, 128, 128) }
    };

    d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8 * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX),
        0, CUSTOMFVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &v_buffer, NULL);

    VOID* pVoid;
    v_buffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVoid, 0);
    memcpy(pVoid, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
    v_buffer->Unlock();
}

// 主程序入口
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) {
    HWND hWnd;
    WNDCLASSEX wc;

    ZeroMemory(&wc, sizeof(WNDCLASSEX));
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wc.lpszClassName = "WindowClass";

    RegisterClassEx(&wc);

    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, "WindowClass", "Direct3D Tutorial",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT,
        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd);

    initD3D(hWnd);

    init_graphics();

    MSG msg;

    while (TRUE) {
        while (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }

        if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) {
            break;
        }

        render_frame();
    }

    cleanD3D();

    return msg.wParam;
}

这个示例代码使用了 `CUSTOMVERTEX` 结构体来表示顶点，其中包含了顶点的坐标和颜色。`init_graphics` 函数用于初始化顶点缓存，将立方体的顶点数据写入缓存中。`render_frame` 函数用于渲染帧，通过设置顶点缓存和绘制函数来绘制立方体。在主程序入口中，通过消息循环来处理消息和渲染帧。