用数据结构与算法计算一元多项式的导数

计算一元多项式的导数可以使用链表作为数据结构来表示多项式，并且使用链表的操作来进行计算。下面是一个示例的实现代码：

# 定义多项式的每一项节点
class PolyNode:
    def __init__(self, coef, exp):
        self.coef = coef  # 系数
        self.exp = exp  # 指数
        self.next = None

# 定义多项式链表
class Polynomial:
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None

    # 添加一项到多项式中
    def add_term(self, coef, exp):
        new_node = PolyNode(coef, exp)
        if not self.head:
            self.head = new_node
        else:
            current = self.head
            while current.next:
                current = current.next
            current.next = new_node

    # 计算多项式的导数
    def derivative(self):
        current = self.head
        while current:
            # 计算每一项的导数
            current.coef *= current.exp
            current.exp -= 1
            current = current.next

    # 打印多项式
    def print_polynomial(self):
        current = self.head
        while current:
            if current.coef != 0:
                if current.exp == 0:
                    print(current.coef)
                elif current.exp == 1:
                    print(f"{current.coef}x", end=" ")
                else:
                    print(f"{current.coef}x^{current.exp}", end=" ")
            current = current.next

# 示例使用
p = Polynomial()
p.add_term(3, 2)  # 3x^2
p.add_term(2, 1)  # 2x^1
p.add_term(5, 0)  # 5x^0
p.print_polynomial()  # 输出：3x^2 + 2x + 5
print()
p.derivative()
p.print_polynomial()  # 输出：6x + 2