STM32单片机I2C通信:7个实战技巧,掌握串行通信的精髓

发布时间: 2024-07-05 13:00:48 阅读量: 82 订阅数: 30
![stm32单片机编程结构](https://wiki.st.com/stm32mpu/nsfr_img_auth.php/2/25/STM32MP1IPsOverview.png) # 1. STM32单片机I2C通信基础 I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)是一种串行通信协议,广泛用于连接微控制器和外围设备。它采用两线制传输方式,包括一条数据线(SDA)和一条时钟线(SCL),具有低成本、低功耗、易于实现等优点。 STM32单片机集成了I2C外设,支持I2C通信功能。本章将介绍I2C通信的基础知识,包括I2C总线结构、通信原理、数据传输格式和时序等,为后续的I2C通信实践和应用奠定基础。 # 2. I2C通信协议与硬件配置 ### 2.1 I2C通信协议概述 #### 2.1.1 I2C总线结构和通信原理 I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)总线是一种串行通信协议,用于连接微控制器、传感器和其他外围设备。它采用两线制通信,包括一条数据线(SDA)和一条时钟线(SCL)。 I2C总线采用主从模式,一个主设备控制总线,多个从设备连接到总线上。主设备负责发起通信,从设备负责响应主设备的请求。 #### 2.1.2 I2C数据传输格式和时序 I2C数据传输采用8位字节格式,包括一个起始位、7个数据位、一个奇偶校验位和一个停止位。 **起始位:**低电平,表示通信开始。 **数据位:**7位数据,从最高有效位(MSB)开始传输。 **奇偶校验位:**可选择启用或禁用,用于验证数据传输的正确性。 **停止位:**高电平,表示通信结束。 I2C数据传输时序由时钟线(SCL)控制。主设备生成时钟信号,从设备根据时钟信号进行数据传输。 ### 2.2 STM32单片机I2C硬件配置 #### 2.2.1 I2C外设寄存器和配置 STM32单片机中,I2C外设寄存器主要包括以下几个: * **I2C_CR1:**控制寄存器,用于配置I2C外设的工作模式、时钟源和波特率。 * **I2C_CR2:**配置寄存器,用于配置I2C外设的中断和DMA传输。 * **I2C_OAR1:**设备地址寄存器,用于配置从设备的地址。 * **I2C_DR:**数据寄存器,用于发送和接收数据。 * **I2C_SR1:**状态寄存器,用于指示I2C外设的当前状态。 * **I2C_SR2:**状态寄存器,用于提供更多状态信息。 #### 2.2.2 I2C时钟源和波特率设置 I2C时钟源可以是APB1时钟或APB2时钟。波特率由I2C_CR2寄存器的CCRx位设置,范围为100 kbps至400 kbps。 ```c // 设置I2C时钟源为APB1时钟 RCC->CFGR |= RCC_CFGR_I2C1_SW_APB1; // 设置I2C波特率为100 kbps ```
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Big黄勇

硬件工程师
广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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本专栏《STM32单片机编程结构》深入探讨了STM32单片机的内部架构和编程机制,旨在帮助读者全面掌握单片机的运作原理和编程技巧。专栏涵盖了10个关键模块,包括编程架构、存储器结构、中断机制、时钟系统、GPIO编程、定时器编程、ADC编程、DAC编程、SPI通信、UART通信、DMA编程、RTOS编程、外设编程、调试技巧、固件升级、应用案例、常见问题和最佳实践。通过深入浅出的讲解和丰富的实战案例,专栏旨在帮助读者轻松掌握STM32单片机编程,提升项目开发效率,探索单片机的无限可能。

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