Java并发编程实战:深入理解线程、锁和同步,打造高并发系统

发布时间: 2024-07-22 15:23:27 阅读量: 19 订阅数: 22
![Java并发编程实战:深入理解线程、锁和同步,打造高并发系统](https://www.concettolabs.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/What-are-the-Best-Tools-Available-for-Cross-browser-Testing.png) # 1. 并发编程基础** 并发编程是计算机科学中一个重要的概念,它涉及多个线程同时执行,以提高程序的效率和响应能力。在本章中,我们将探讨并发编程的基础知识,包括: - 并发编程的概念和优势 - 线程和进程之间的区别 - 线程生命周期和状态 - 线程同步和通信机制,如锁和信号量 # 2. Java并发编程核心技术** **2.1 线程管理** **2.1.1 线程生命周期** 线程生命周期由以下几个阶段组成: * **新建(New):**线程被创建,但尚未启动。 * **就绪(Runnable):**线程已启动,等待CPU调度执行。 * **运行(Running):**线程正在执行代码。 * **阻塞(Blocked):**线程因等待资源(例如I/O操作)而暂停执行。 * **终止(Terminated):**线程执行完毕或因异常终止。 **代码块:** ```java public class ThreadLifeCycleDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { System.out.println("Thread is running"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); System.out.println("Thread state: " + thread.getState()); // New thread.start(); System.out.println("Thread state: " + thread.getState()); // Runnable try { thread.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("Thread state: " + thread.getState()); // Terminated } } ``` **逻辑分析:** * `ThreadLifeCycleDemo`类创建了一个新的线程,该线程在启动后将打印"Thread is running"并休眠1秒。 * `main`方法打印了线程的初始状态(New),然后启动线程。 * 线程启动后,`main`方法打印了线程的当前状态(Runnable)。 * `main`方法使用`join()`方法等待线程完成执行。 * 线程执行完毕后,`main`方法打印了线程的最终状态(Terminated)。 **2.1.2 线程同步与通信** 线程同步和通信是并发编程中的关键概念。 * **线程同步:**确保多个线程同时访问共享资源时不会发生数据竞争。 * **线程通信:**允许线程之间交换信息和协调操作。 **代码块:** ```java public class ThreadSyncDemo { private static int counter = 0; public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { synchronized (ThreadSyncDemo.class) { counter++; } } }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { synchronized (ThreadSyncDemo.class) { counter++; } } }); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); thread1.join(); thread2.join(); System.out.println("Counter: " + counter); // 200000 } } ``` **逻辑分析:** * `ThreadSyncDemo`类创建了两个线程,每个线程都将`counter`变量递增100000次。 * 为了确保线程同步,两个线程都使用`synchronized`块来访问`counter`变量。 * `synchronized`块确保在任何时刻只有一个线程可以访问`counter`变量,从而防止数据竞争。 * `main`方法等待两个线程完成执行,然后打印最终的`counter`值(200000),这证明了线程同步的有效性。 **2.2 锁机制** 锁是一种同步机制,它允许线程独占访问共享资源。 **2.2.1 锁的类型和特性** Java中提供了多种类型的锁: * **内置锁(synchronized):**使用`synchronized`关键字实现,适用于单一Java对象。 * **可重入锁(ReentrantLock):**允许线程多次获取同一把锁,适用于复杂同步场景。 * **读写锁(ReadWriteLock):**允许多个线程同时读取共享资源,但只能有一个线程同时写入。 **2.2.2 锁的应用场景** 锁通常用于以下场景: * 保护共享数据结构,防止数据竞争。 * 控制对临界区的访问,确保一次只有一个线程执行临界区代码。 * 实现线程之间的有序执行。 **代码块:** ```java public class LockDemo { private static Object lock = new Object(); public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> { synchronized (lock) { System.out.println("Thread 1 acquired the lock"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> { synch ```
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