MySQL数据库主从复制原理与实战部署:从入门到精通

发布时间: 2024-07-08 19:17:27 阅读量: 45 订阅数: 46
![MySQL数据库主从复制原理与实战部署:从入门到精通](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/b5460254e54f29ec9ece4078d473fad7.jpeg) # 1. MySQL主从复制概述 MySQL主从复制是一种数据库复制技术,它允许将一个数据库(主服务器)的数据复制到一个或多个其他数据库(从服务器)。主从复制的主要目的是提供数据冗余、提高可用性和实现负载均衡。 通过主从复制,主服务器上的所有数据更改(INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE)都会被记录在二进制日志(binlog)中。从服务器上的IO线程会从主服务器的binlog中读取这些更改,并将其应用到自己的数据库中。SQL线程负责执行这些更改,确保从服务器上的数据与主服务器保持一致。 # 2. MySQL主从复制原理 ### 2.1 主从复制架构 MySQL主从复制采用经典的主从架构,其中一台服务器充当主服务器(master),负责处理客户端的写请求并维护数据的一致性;其他服务器充当从服务器(slave),负责从主服务器复制数据并保持与主服务器的数据一致。 ### 2.2 复制过程详解 MySQL主从复制过程主要分为以下几个步骤: #### 2.2.1 二进制日志(binlog) 主服务器会记录所有对数据库进行修改的操作(INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE等)到二进制日志(binlog)中。binlog以事件的形式记录了每个操作的详细信息,包括操作类型、受影响的表、字段和值等。 #### 2.2.2 IO线程和SQL线程 **IO线程** * 从服务器上的IO线程负责从主服务器的binlog中读取事件。 * IO线程通过网络连接向主服务器请求binlog,并从指定的binlog位置开始读取。 * IO线程将读取到的binlog事件写入从服务器自己的中继日志(relay log)中。 **SQL线程** * 从服务器上的SQL线程负责从从服务器的中继日志中读取事件,并执行这些事件以更新从服务器上的数据。 * SQL线程会逐个执行中继日志中的事件,确保从服务器上的数据与主服务器保持一致。 **复制过程流程图:** ```mermaid graph LR subgraph 主服务器 A[binlog] B[IO线程] C[SQL线程] end subgraph 从服务器 D[relay log] E[IO线程] F[SQL线程] end A --> B B --> C D --> E E --> F ``` **代码示例:** ``` # 主服务器开启binlog CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=100; # 从服务器配置从主服务器复制 CHA ```
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