STC单片机C语言CAN总线通信:工业自动化与网络互联,实现工业级通信

发布时间: 2024-07-09 02:02:18 阅读量: 46 订阅数: 25
![STC单片机C语言CAN总线通信:工业自动化与网络互联,实现工业级通信](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b0885e8c3c2648d0999b5209afb6d084.png) # 1. CAN总线概述** CAN总线(Controller Area Network)是一种广泛应用于工业自动化和网络互联领域的串行通信协议。它以其高可靠性、高实时性和高抗干扰性而著称,特别适用于需要在恶劣环境中进行数据传输的场合。 CAN总线采用多主站结构,允许多个节点同时发送和接收数据。其通信方式基于广播机制,每个节点都可以接收到总线上的所有数据,并根据自己的地址进行过滤和处理。这种方式大大提高了通信效率和可靠性,即使总线上存在多个节点同时发送数据,也不会发生冲突。 # 2. STC单片机CAN总线硬件接口 ### 2.1 STC单片机CAN控制器 STC单片机内置CAN控制器,支持CAN 2.0B协议。CAN控制器主要负责CAN总线报文的发送和接收,以及CAN总线协议的处理。 #### CAN控制器寄存器 STC单片机CAN控制器包含多个寄存器,用于配置和控制CAN总线操作。主要寄存器如下: | 寄存器 | 描述 | |---|---| | CANCON | CAN控制器控制寄存器 | | CANSTA | CAN控制器状态寄存器 | | CANINT | CAN控制器中断寄存器 | | CANRXBUF | CAN控制器接收缓冲区 | | CANTXBUF | CAN控制器发送缓冲区 | #### CAN控制器配置 在使用CAN总线之前,需要对CAN控制器进行配置。配置主要包括波特率设置、CAN模式选择、中断使能等。 ```c // 设置波特率 CANCON |= (BRP_VALUE << 6); // 选择CAN模式 CANCON |= (MODE_VALUE << 3); // 使能中断 CANINT |= (IE_VALUE << 0); ``` ### 2.2 CAN总线收发器 CAN总线收发器是连接单片机和CAN总线物理层的接口器件。它负责将单片机的CAN信号转换成差分信号,并传输到CAN总线上。 #### CAN收发器类型 常用的CAN收发器类型有: | 型号 | 特点 | |---|---| | MCP2551 | 低功耗、低成本 | | TJA1050 | 高速、抗干扰 | | SN65HVD230 | 高电压、耐用 | #### CAN收发器连接 CAN收发器与单片机和CAN总线连接方式如下: | 引脚 | 单片机 | CAN收发器 | CAN总线 | |---|---|---|---| | TXD | CAN_TX | TXD | CAN_H | | RXD | CAN_RX | RXD | CAN_L | | VCC | 5V | VCC | 12V | | GND | GND | GND | GND | ### 2.3 CAN总线连接方式 CAN总线连接方式有两种:点对点连接和总线连接。 #### 点对点连接 点对点连接是两个节点直接通过CAN总线收发器连接。这种连接方式简单可靠,但只能连接两个节点。 #### 总线连接 总线连接是多个节点通过CAN总线连接在一起。这种连接方式可以连接多个节点,但需要使用CAN总线终端电阻来防止信号反射。 #### CAN总线终端电阻 CAN总线终端电阻是一个电阻,连接在CAN总线的两端。它可以防止信号反射,提高通信可靠性。终端电阻的阻值一般为120Ω。 # 3.1 CAN总线初始化 CAN总线初始化是CAN通信系统启动前的必备步骤,主要包括以下几个方面: #### 1. CAN控制器初始化 CAN控制器初始化主要包括以下步骤: - 设置CAN控制器工作模式:配置CAN控制器的工作模式,如正常模式、睡眠模式等。 - 设置CAN波特率:根据实际应用需求,设置CAN控制器发送和接收数据的波特率。 - 设置CAN控制器中断:配置CAN控制器中断,如接收中断、发送中断等。 - 设置CAN控制器滤波器:配置CAN控制器滤波器,用于过滤接收到的CAN报文。 ```c // CAN控制器初始化函数 void CAN_Init(void) { // 设置CAN控制器工作模式为正常模式 CAN_SetMode(CAN_Mode_Normal); // 设置CAN波特率为1Mbps CAN_SetBaudRate(CAN_BaudRate_1Mbps); // 设置CAN控制器中断 CAN_EnableInterrupt(CAN_Interrupt_Receive | CAN_Interrupt_Send); // 设置CAN控制器滤波器 CAN_SetFilter(CAN_Filter_0, CAN_ID_Standard, 0x123, 0x7FF); } ``` #### 2. CAN收发器初始化 CAN收发器初始化主要包括以下步骤: - 设置CAN收发器工作模式:配置CAN收发器的工作模式,如正常模式、睡眠模式等。 - 设置CAN收发器波特率:根据实际应用需求,设置CAN收发器发送和接收数据的波特率。 ```c // CAN收发器初始化函数 void CAN_Transceiver_Init(void) { // 设置CAN收发器工作模式为正常模式 ```
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本专栏以"STC单片机C语言程序设计"为主题,从入门到实战,全面系统地介绍了STC单片机C语言编程的精髓。从基础的环境搭建到数据类型、运算符、控制语句等基础知识,再到函数、数组、指针、字符串处理等进阶内容,深入剖析了复杂数据结构、文件操作、中断与定时器等高级技术。此外,还详细讲解了串口通信、I2C总线通信、SPI总线通信、CAN总线通信等通信技术,以及ADC与DAC、PWM与电机控制、LCD显示、键盘与按键扫描、RTC与时钟管理等外围接口和应用技术。通过循序渐进的讲解和丰富的代码示例,本专栏旨在帮助读者快速掌握STC单片机C语言编程,轻松打造高效、可靠的嵌入式系统。

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