AVR单片机Modbus通信实战:掌握Modbus通信协议及编程

发布时间: 2024-07-09 13:23:05 阅读量: 44 订阅数: 21
![AVR单片机Modbus通信实战:掌握Modbus通信协议及编程](https://assets-global.website-files.com/64ed06228d24e5d52132b49f/64ee05ff65200efee9dee728_Modbus-is-the-Oldest-and-the-Most-Popular-Automation-Protocol.jpeg) # 1. Modbus通信协议简介** Modbus是一种工业通信协议,广泛应用于自动化控制系统中。它是一种主从式协议,由一个主机(Master)和多个从机(Slave)组成。主机负责发送请求,从机负责响应请求并提供数据。 Modbus通信协议采用RTU(远程终端单元)或TCP(传输控制协议)作为传输层协议。RTU模式使用串行接口,适用于短距离通信;TCP模式使用以太网接口,适用于长距离通信。 Modbus协议定义了多种功能码,用于读取、写入和操作从机的数据。常见的功能码包括: - **读取线圈状态(0x01)**:读取从机指定地址的线圈状态。 - **读取输入寄存器(0x04)**:读取从机指定地址的输入寄存器值。 - **写入单个线圈(0x05)**:写入从机指定地址的线圈状态。 - **写入单个寄存器(0x06)**:写入从机指定地址的寄存器值。 # 2. AVR单片机Modbus通信编程基础 ### 2.1 AVR单片机Modbus通信硬件接口 Modbus通信在AVR单片机上通常通过UART接口实现,其硬件连接方式如下: - **UART Tx (发送)**:AVR单片机的UART发送引脚连接到Modbus从机或主机的UART接收引脚。 - **UART Rx (接收)**:AVR单片机的UART接收引脚连接到Modbus从机或主机的UART发送引脚。 UART通信参数需要与Modbus通信参数相匹配,包括波特率、数据位、停止位和校验位。 ### 2.2 Modbus通信协议报文解析 Modbus通信报文由以下部分组成: - **设备地址 (1字节)**:标识Modbus从机设备的地址。 - **功能码 (1字节)**:指定Modbus操作类型,如读寄存器、写线圈等。 - **数据 (可变长度)**:根据功能码不同,包含要读取或写入的数据。 - **CRC校验 (2字节)**:用于检测报文传输中的错误。 ### 2.3 Modbus通信协议功能码 Modbus通信协议定义了多种功能码,用于执行不同的操作: | 功能码 | 操作 | |---|---| | 0x01 | 读线圈 | | 0x02 | 读输入寄存器 | | 0x03 | 读保持寄存器 | | 0x04 | 读输入寄存器 (32位) | | 0x05 | 写线圈 | | 0x06 | 写保持寄存器 | | 0x07 | 读异常状态寄存器 | | 0x08 | 写多个线圈 | | 0x09 | 写多个保持寄存器 | | 0x0A | 读文件记录 | | 0x0B | 写文件记录 | | 0x0C | 掩码写保持寄存器 | | 0x0D | 读/写多个寄存器 | | 0x0E | 获取通信事件计数器 | | 0x0F | 获取通信事件日志 | | 0x10 | 报告从机标识 | | 0x11 | 读设备信息 | | 0x12 | 写设备属性 | | 0x13 | 读设备变量 | | 0x14 | 写设备变量 | | 0x15 | 诊断 | | 0x16 | 获取设备诊断信息 | | 0x17 | 设置设备时钟 | | 0x18 | 获取设备时钟 | ### 代码块:Modbus报文解析函数 ```c uint8_t modbus_parse_request(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t length) { // 检查报文长度 if (length < 6) { return MODBUS_ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH; } // 获取设备地址 uint8_t device_address = buffer[0]; // 获取功能码 uint8_t function_code = buffer[1]; // 根据功能码解析数据 switch (function_code) { case MODBUS_FUNCTION_READ_COILS: // 解析读线圈请求 return modbus_parse_read_coils_request(buffer, length); case MODBUS_FUNCTION_READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: // 解析读输入寄存器请求 return modbus_parse_read_input_r ```
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广州大学计算机硕士,硬件开发资深技术专家,拥有超过10多年的工作经验。曾就职于全球知名的大型科技公司,担任硬件工程师一职。任职期间负责产品的整体架构设计、电路设计、原型制作和测试验证工作。对硬件开发领域有着深入的理解和独到的见解。
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本专栏全面深入地介绍了 AVR 单片机的各个方面,涵盖了中断处理、串口通信、ADC 和 DAC 转换、PWM 调制、看门狗定时器、电源管理、低功耗设计、嵌入式系统设计、实时操作系统应用、ZigBee 通信以及故障诊断和调试。通过揭秘底层原理、提供实战案例和编程指南,本专栏旨在帮助读者全面掌握 AVR 单片机的编程技术,提升其嵌入式系统开发能力。
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