Servlet与JSP核心技术详解

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"servlet核心技术" 本资源主要涵盖了Servlet和JavaServer Pages（JSP）的核心技术，作者通过深入浅出的方式，介绍了这两个Java Web开发的重要组件。Servlet是Java平台上的一个标准接口，用于扩展服务器的功能，而JSP则是一种用于创建动态网页的编程技术。在Servlet部分，书籍首先概述了Servlet的概念，指出Servlet是Java编写的小型服务器应用程序，用于处理来自客户端（如Web浏览器）的请求并返回响应。Servlet的优势包括高效、便捷、强大、可移植和安全，同时成本相对较低。与传统的Common Gateway Interface (CGI)相比，Servlet能够更有效地处理请求，并且提供了更好的性能和更丰富的功能。接着，书中提到了JavaServer Pages（JSP），这是一种基于Java的技术，允许开发人员在HTML中嵌入Java代码，以生成动态内容。JSP的优势在于其与ASP、PHP、纯Servlet、Server-Side Includes (SSI)、JavaScript以及静态HTML等其他技术相比，有着更高的灵活性和可维护性。例如，JSP可以更方便地分离表现层（HTML）和业务逻辑（Java代码），使得代码更加结构化。安装和设置是初学者必须面对的一个环节，书中指导读者如何获取Servlet和JSP的相关软件，并提供了安装和配置的步骤，包括如何获取Servlet和JSP的API文档，以及如何识别和配置Web服务器和应用服务器以支持Servlet和JSP运行环境。通过这部分内容的学习，读者不仅可以了解到Servlet和JSP的基本概念，还能理解它们在实际开发中的作用和优势，为进一步深入学习和实践Java Web开发打下坚实基础。对于那些希望提升自己在Java Web领域的专业技能的人来说，这是一份非常有价值的参考资料。

xix

Chapter

Many people have helped me out with this book. Without their assistance, I

would still be on the third chapter. John Guthrie, Amy Karlson, Rich Slywc-

zak, and Kim Topley provided valuable technical feedback on virtually every

chapter. Others pointing out errors and providing useful suggestions include

Don Aldridge, Camille Bell, Ben Benokraitis, Larry Brown, Carl Burnham,

Andrew Burton, Rick Cannon, Kevin Cropper, Chip Downs, Frank Erickson,

Payam Fard, Daniel Goldman, Rob Gordon, Andy Gravatt, Jeff Hall, Russell

Holley, David Hopkins, Lis Immer, Herman Ip, Truong Le, Frank Lewis,

Tanner Lovelace, Margaret Lyell, Paul McNamee, Mike Oliver, Barb Ride-

nour, Himanso Sahni, Bob Samson, Ron Tosh, Tsung-Wen Tsai, Peggy Sue

Vickers, and Maureen Knox Yencha. Hopefully I learned from their advice.

Mary Lou “Eagle Eye” Nohr spotted my errant commas, awkward sentences,

typographical errors, and grammatical inconsistencies. She improved the

result immensely. Joanne Anzalone produced the final version; she did a

great job despite my many last-minute changes. Ralph Semmel provided a

supportive work environment and a flexible schedule, not to mention inter-

esting projects on which to put servlets and JSP to work. Greg Doench of

Prentice Hall believed in the concept from the beginning and encouraged me

to write the book. Rachel Borden got Sun Microsystems Press to believe in it

also. Thanks to all.

Most of all, thanks to B.J., Lindsay, and Nathan for their patience with my

funny schedule and my hogging the computer when they wanted to work or

play on it. God has blessed me with a great family.

xxii Introduction

technologies; they combine them both. Finally, as I discovered when I started

teaching servlet and JSP development to my students in the Johns Hopkins

part-time graduate program (most of whom were professional software devel-

opers), few programmers were already comfortable with HTTP 1.1, HTML

forms, and JDBC, three critical supporting technologies. Telling them to get a

separate book for each of these areas was hardly reasonable: that brought to

five the number of books programmers needed if they were going to do serious

servlet/JSP development.

So, in mid-1999, I put together a short servlet and JSP tutorial with a few

dozen examples, put it on the Web, and tried out the material in a couple of

my courses. The response was overwhelming. After only a few months, I

was getting several thousand visitors a day to the tutorial along with a myr-

iad of requests to expand the coverage of the material. I eventually bowed

to the inevitable and started writing. This book is the result. I hope you find

it useful.

Real Code for Real Programmers

This book is aimed at serious software developers. This is not a book that

touts the potential of e-commerce or pontificates about how Web-enabled

applications will revolutionize your business. Instead, it is a hands-on book

aimed at helping programmers who are already convinced of the need for

dynamic Web sites get started building them right away. In showing how to

build these sites, I try to illustrate the most important approaches and warn

you of the most common pitfalls. Along the way, I include plenty of working

code: more than a hundred documented Java classes, for instance. I try to

give detailed examples of the most important and frequently used features,

summarize the lesser-used ones, and refer you to the APIs (available

on-line) for a few of the rarely used ones.

Nor is this a book that skims dozens of technologies at a high level.

Although I don’t claim that this is a definitive reference on every technology

it touches on (e.g., there are a number of books this size just on JDBC), if the

book covers a topic, it does so in enough detail for you to sit down and start

writing real programs. The one exception to this rule is the Java programming

language itself. Although I don’t assume any familiarity with server-side pro-

gramming, I do expect you to be familiar with the basics of Java language

development. If you’re not, you will need to pick up a good tutorial like Core

Java, Core Web Programming, or Thinking in Java.

How This Book Is Organized xxiii

A word of caution, however. Nobody becomes a great developer just by

reading. You have to write some real code, too. The more, the better. In each

chapter, I suggest that you start by making a simple program or a small varia-

tion of one of the examples given, then strike off on your own with a more sig-

nificant project. Skim the sections you don’t plan on using right away, then

come back when you are ready to try them out.

If you do this, you should quickly develop the confidence to handle the

real-world problems that brought you here in the first place. You should be

able to decide where servlets apply well, where JSP is better, and where a com-

bination is best. You should not only know how to generate HTML content, but

you should also understand building other media types like GIF images or

Excel spreadsheets. You should understand HTTP 1.1 well enough to use its

capabilities to enhance the effectiveness of your pages. You should have no

qualms about developing Web interfaces to your corporate databases, using

either HTML forms or applets as front ends. You should be able to spin off

complex behaviors into JavaBeans components or custom JSP tag libraries,

then decide when to use these components directly and when to start requests

with servlets that set things up for separate presentation pages. You should have

fun along the way. You should get a raise.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is divided into three parts: Servlets, JavaServer Pages, and Sup-

porting Technologies.

Part I: Servlets

Part I covers servlet development with the 2.1 and 2.2 specifications.

Although version 2.2 (along with JSP 1.1) is mandated by the Java 2

Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), many commercial products are

still at the earlier releases, so it is important to understand the differ-

ences. Also, although servlet code is portable across a huge variety of

servers and operating systems, server setup and configuration details

are not standardized. So, I include specific details for Apache Tomcat,

Sun’s JavaServer Web Development Kit (JSWDK), and the Java Web

Server. Servlet topics include:

• When and why you would use servlets

• Obtaining and configuring the servlet and JSP software

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