2020年IEEE 802.1AX标准：增强局域网与城域网链接聚合技术

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IEEE 802.1AX-2020，即"IEEE标准局域网与城域网——链路聚合"（IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Link Aggregation），是IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee制定的一项关键标准，旨在优化网络连接性能和可用性。该标准修订自IEEE 802.1AX-2014，于2020年1月30日获得IEEE Standards Board的批准，并在同年5月29日正式发布。链路聚合，也称为负载均衡链路聚合控制协议（Load Balancing Link Aggregation Control Protocol, LACP），是用于多个物理接口之间创建逻辑链路的方法。这种技术允许数据在网络流量过载或单个链路出现故障时自动从一个链路切换到另一个链路，从而提高网络的带宽利用效率和可靠性。IEEE 802.1AX-2020在前一版本的基础上，可能对LACP的协商算法、状态监控、错误检测机制以及服务质量(QoS)管理等方面进行了改进。该标准规定了链路聚合的具体实现细节，包括但不限于： 1. **LACP协议增强**：增强LACP的协商过程，允许更灵活的链路选择策略，如基于权重的负载均衡，以便更好地适应不同应用场景的需求。 2. **扩展功能支持**：增加了对多链路链路聚合的支持，以及对不同类型的接口（如10Gbps以太网）的兼容性，以适应高速网络环境。 3. **服务质量(QoS)**：定义了如何在链路聚合环境中优先处理关键业务流量，确保关键应用程序的数据传输质量。 4. **故障检测与恢复**：改进了故障检测机制，使得系统能更快地识别并切换到健康的链路，减少网络中断时间。 5. **安全性和隐私**：可能增强了对链路聚合操作的安全保护措施，防止未经授权的访问和数据泄露。由于文档中提到了"下载限制"，这表明该标准可能包含专有内容，且仅限于Auckland University of Technology等特定用户使用。要获取完整和最新的技术细节，需要通过IEEE Explore或其他官方渠道获取授权副本。 IEEE 802.1AX-2020是局域网和城域网设计者和管理员的重要参考资料，它提供了一套全面的指导原则和技术手段，帮助工程师构建高可用性和高性能的网络基础设施。

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Figures

Figure 6-1 Architectural positioning of Link Aggregation sublayer ................................................. 29

Figure 6-2 Protocol Parser state diagram........................................................................................... 31

Figure 6-3 Link Aggregation sublayer block diagram....................................................................... 32

Figure 6-4 Frame Collector state diagram ......................................................................................... 36

Figure 6-5 Frame Distributor state diagram ...................................................................................... 37

Figure 6-6 Aggregator Parser state diagram ...................................................................................... 41

Figure 6-7 Aggregator Multiplexer state diagram ............................................................................. 42

Figure 6-8 LACPDU structure........................................................................................................... 54

Figure 6-9 Bit encoding of the Actor_State and Partner_State fields................................................ 55

Figure 6-10 Port Algorithm TLV......................................................................................................... 57

Figure 6-11 Port Conversation Link Digest TLV................................................................................ 58

Figure 6-12 Port Conversation Service Digest TLV ........................................................................... 58

Figure 6-13 LACP state machine overview......................................................................................... 59

Figure 6-14 LACP Receive state diagram ........................................................................................... 73

Figure 6-15 Selection of Aggregators.................................................................................................. 78

Figure 6-16 Mux state diagram............................................................................................................ 79

Figure 6-17 LACP Transmit state diagram.......................................................................................... 81

Figure 6-18 Marker protocol time sequence diagram.......................................................................... 83

Figure 6-19 Marker PDU and Marker Response PDU structure ......................................................... 84

Figure 6-20 Marker Responder state diagram ..................................................................................... 86

Figure 6-21 Conversation-Sensitive Collection and Distribution overview........................................ 88

Figure 6-22 Distribution algorithm information flow.......................................................................... 91

Figure 6-23 Update Mask state diagram............................................................................................ 101

Figure 6-24 Dual-homed System examples....................................................................................... 105

Figure 7-1 Link aggregation entity relationship diagram ................................................................ 109

Figure 8-1 Distribution algorithm identifiers................................................................................... 148

Figure 9-1 A DRNI .......................................................................................................................... 153

Figure 9-2 Transmission and reception via the IRC ........................................................................ 154

Figure 9-3 DRNI with dedicated IRC Link ..................................................................................... 155

Figure 9-4 DRNI with dedicated IRC LAG..................................................................................... 155

Figure 9-5 DRNI end station attach................................................................................................. 156

Figure 9-6 DRNI network attach ..................................................................................................... 156

Figure 9-7 DRNI Gateway block diagram....................................................................................... 159

Figure 9-8 DR_Gateway state machine ........................................................................................... 163

Figure 9-9 DR_Aggregator state machine ....................................................................................... 164

Figure 9-10 DR_IRP state machine ................................................................................................... 165

Figure 9-11 Basic TLV format .......................................................................................................... 171

Figure 9-12 DRCPDU structure ........................................................................................................ 172

Figure 9-13 Bit encoding of the Home_IRP_State and Neighbor_IRP_State fields ......................... 173

Figure 9-14 Aggregator State TLV.................................................................................................... 174

Figure 9-15 Bit encoding of the Aggregator_CSCD_State fields ..................................................... 175

Figure 9-16 Gateway State TLV........................................................................................................ 176

Figure 9-17 Gateway Preference TLV............................................................................................... 176

Figure 9-18 Organization-Specific TLV............................................................................................ 177

Figure 9-19 DRCP state machine overview ...................................................................................... 178

Figure 9-20 DRCP Receive machine state diagram .......................................................................... 195

Figure 9-21 Distributed Relay machine state diagram ...................................................................... 197

Figure 9-22 DRNI Gateway and Aggregator machine state diagram................................................ 198

Figure 9-23 DRCP Transmit state diagram ....................................................................................... 199

Figure B-1 Link aggregation topology examples............................................................................. 217

Figure C-1 Example 1 ...................................................................................................................... 221

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