MSP430微控制器的Bootloader (BSL) 用户指南

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"MSP430™ flash devices bootloader (BSL) User's Guide" MSP430™系列微控制器的Bootloader（BSL）是一种功能强大的工具，它允许用户在开发原型、最终生产和服役期间与MCU的嵌入式内存进行通信。BSL不同于某些数字信号处理器（DSP）中的引导加载程序，那些程序会自动从外部存储器加载程序代码和数据到DSP的内部内存。BSL使得用户能够按需修改可编程内存（Flash内存）和数据内存（RAM）。 BSL的使用需要一个特定的进入序列，该序列触发所需的功能。一旦启动，一系列命令将启动这个过程。引导加载会话可以通过在预设的用户程序地址继续运行或者通过复位条件来退出。即使设备通过禁用JTAG接口进行了安全设置，仍然可以使用BSL。通过这种机制，用户仍然能够访问MSP430 MCU的内存，实现程序的下载、更新和调试。JTAG BSL是指通过JTAG（Joint Test Action Group）接口来实现BSL功能，这是一种标准的调试和测试接口，支持在线编程和系统级测试。在使用JTAG BSL时，需要连接到微控制器的四个JTAG引脚：TDI（Test Data In）、TDO（Test Data Out）、TCK（Test Clock）和TDI（Test Mode Select）。通过这些引脚，用户可以向MCU发送指令，读取和写入内存，以及执行其他诊断任务。 BSL的主要功能包括： 1. **程序下载**：用户可以通过BSL将新的固件或应用程序代码加载到MCU的Flash内存中。 2. **数据更新**：BSL允许修改RAM中的数据，这在实时更新配置参数或处理数据时非常有用。 3. **调试**：在开发阶段，BSL可以作为调试工具，帮助开发者追踪和解决问题。 4. **远程更新**：在产品服役期间，BSL使远程固件更新成为可能，无需物理接触设备。安全考虑是使用BSL时的一个重要因素。为了保护设备免受未授权访问，可以禁用JTAG接口。然而，即使这样，如果设计了适当的访问控制和安全协议，BSL仍然可以安全地使用。 MSP430 BSL是一个强大的工具，它简化了开发和维护过程，使得对微控制器的内存操作变得更加灵活和方便。对于开发和维护MSP430系列微控制器的项目来说，理解和掌握BSL的使用至关重要。

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Bootloader Protocol – 1xx, 2xx, and 4xx Families

SLAU319W–July 2010–Revised March 2019

Submit Documentation Feedback

MSP430™ flash devices bootloader (BSL)

2.4 Data Frame

To ensure high data security during the data transmission, a data frame protocol called serial standard

protocol (SSP) is used. The BSL is considered the receiver in Table 2.

2.4.1 Data-Stream Structure

• The first eight bytes (HDR through LH) are mandatory (xx represents dummy data).

• Data bytes D1 to Dn are optional.

• Two bytes (CKL and CKH) for checksum are mandatory.

• Acknowledge done by the BSL is mandatory, except with the TX data block and TX BSL version

commands.

(1)

All numbers are bytes in hexadecimal notation.

(2)

ACK is sent back by the BSL.

(3)

The synchronization sequence is not part of the data frame.

(4)

The erase check and TX BSL version commands are members of the standard command set in BSLs V1.50 or higher but

excluding 2.x BSLs.

(5)

The change baud rate command is not a member of the standard command set (it is available in V1.60 or higher or in loadable

BL_150S_14x.txt).

(6)

Abbreviations:

HDR: Header. Any value between 80h and 8Fh (normally 80h).

CMD: Command identification

L1, L2: Number of bytes consisting of AL through Dn. Restrictions: L1 = L2, L1 < 255, L1 even

AL, AH: Block start address or erase (check) address or jump address LO or HI byte

LL, LH: Number of pure data bytes (250 max) or erase information LO or HI byte or block length of erase check (FFFFh max)

D1 … Dn: Data bytes

CKL, CKH: 16-bit checksum LO or HI byte

xx: Can be any data

–: No character (data byte) received or transmitted

ACK: The acknowledge character returned by the BSL. Can be either DATA_ACK = 90h: Frame was received correctly,

command was executed successfully, or DATA_NAK = A0h: Frame not valid (for example, wrong checksum, L1 ≠ L2), command

is not defined, is not allowed, or was executed unsuccessfully.

n: Number of bytes consisting of AL through Dn

Table 2. Data Frame of BSL Commands

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)

Received

BSL

Command

HDR CMD L1 L2 AL AH LL LH D1 D2…Dn CKL CKH ACK

RX data block 80 12 n n AL AH n–4 0 D1 D2 … Dn–4 CKL CKH ACK

RX password 80 10 24 24 xx xx xx xx D1 D2 … D20 CKL CKH ACK

Erase segment 80 16 04 04 AL AH 02 A5 – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Erase main or info 80 16 04 04 AL AH 04 A5 – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Mass erase 80 18 04 04 xx xx 06 A5 – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Erase check 80 1C 04 04 AL AH LL LH – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Change baud rate 80 20 04 04 D1 D2 D3 xx – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Set mem offset 80 21 04 04 xx xx AL AH – – – – CKL CKH ACK

Load PC 80 1A 04 04 AL AH xx xx – – – – CKL CKH ACK

TX data block 80 14 04 04 AL AH n 0 – – – – CKL CKH –

BSL responds 80 xx n n D1 D2 ... ... … ... … Dn CKL CKH –

TX BSL version 80 1E 04 04 xx xx xx xx – – – – CKL CKH –

BSL responds 80 xx 10 10 D1 D2 ... ... … … … D10 CKL CKH –

Bootloader Protocol – 1xx, 2xx, and 4xx Families

www.ti.com

SLAU319W–July 2010–Revised March 2019

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MSP430™ flash devices bootloader (BSL)

2.4.2 Checksum

The 16-bit (2-byte) checksum is calculated over all received or transmitted bytes B1 to Bn in the data

frame, except the checksum bytes themselves, by XORing words (two successive bytes) and inverting the

result.

This means that B1 is always the HDR byte and Bn is the last data byte just before the CKL byte.

Formula

CHECKSUM = INV [ (B1 + 256 × B2) XOR (B3 + 256 × B4) XOR … XOR (Bn–1 + 256 × Bn) ]

CKL = INV [ B1 XOR B3 XOR … XOR Bn–1 ]

CKH = INV [ B2 XOR B4 XOR … XOR Bn ]

2.4.3 Example Sequence

The following example shows a request to read the memory of the MSP430 MCU from location 0x0F00.

All values shown below are represented in hexadecimal format.

TO BSL: 80

(Synchronization character sent to the BSL)

FROM BSL: 90

(Acknowledge from BSL)

TO BSL: 80 14 04 04 00 0F 0E 00 75 E0

(Send Command to read memory from 0x0F00, length 0x000E)

FROM BSL: 80 00 0E 0E F2 13 40 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 01 01 01 C0 A2

(Returned values from BSL)

2.4.4 Commands – Detailed Description

See Table 2.

2.4.4.1 General

Following the header byte HDR (80h) and the command identification CMD, the frame length bytes L1 and

L2 (which must be equal) hold the number of bytes following L2, excluding the checksum bytes CKL and

CKH.

Bytes AL, AH, LL, LH, D1...Dn are command-specific. However, the checksum bytes CKL (low byte) and

CKH (high byte) are mandatory.

If the data frame has been received correctly and the command execution was successful, an

acknowledge character DATA_ACK = 90h is sent back by the BSL. Incorrectly received data frames,

unsuccessful operations, and commands that are locked or not defined are confirmed with a DATA_NAK =

A0h.

NOTE: BSL versions lower than V1.30 support only byte-access operations. Therefore, the

peripheral module addresses at 0100h to 01FFh cannot be accessed correctly, because they

are word-oriented. In version V1.30 and higher, addresses 0000h to 00FFh are accessed in

byte mode; all others are accessed in word mode.

2.4.4.2 RX Data Block

The receive data block command is used for any write access to the flash memory, RAM, or peripheral

module control registers at 0000h to 01FFh. It is password protected.

The 16-bit even-numbered block start address is defined in AL (low byte) and AH (high byte). The 16-bit

even-numbered block length is defined in LL (low byte) and LH (high byte). Because pure data bytes are

limited to a maximum of 250, LH is always 0.

www.ti.com

Bootloader Protocol – 1xx, 2xx, and 4xx Families

SLAU319W–July 2010–Revised March 2019

Submit Documentation Feedback

MSP430™ flash devices bootloader (BSL)

The following data bytes are succeeded by the checksum bytes CKL (low byte) and CKH (high byte). If

the receipt and programming of the appropriate data block was successful, an acknowledge character

DATA_ACK is sent back by the BSL. Otherwise, the BSL confirms with a DATA_NAK.

NOTE: BSL versions V1.40 and higher support online verification inside the MSP430 MCU for

addresses 0200h to FFFFh, which reduces programming and verification time by 50%.

Online verification means that the data is immediately verified with the data that is written

into the flash without transmitting it again. In case of an error, the loadable bootloader

BL_150S_14x.txt additionally stores the first incorrectly written location address+3 into the

error address buffer in the RAM at address 0200h (021Eh for F14x devices).

2.4.4.3 RX Password

The receive password command is used to unlock the password-protected commands, which perform

reading, writing, or segment-erasing memory access. It is not password protected.

Neither start address nor block length information is necessary, because the 32-byte password is always

located at addresses FFE0h to FFFFh. Data bytes D1 to D20h hold the password information starting with

D1 at address FFE0h.

The BSL responds with DATA_ACK when the package from the host is received correctly and has valid

content as shown in Table 2. The DATA_ACK does not reflect that the password is correct (that is, it

matches the content of FFE0h to FFFFh) or incorrect. If an incorrect password is sent, other commands

will respond with DATA_NAK, because the BSL is still locked.

After the protected commands are unlocked, they remain unlocked until another BSL entry is initiated.

2.4.4.4 Mass Erase

The mass erase command erases the entire flash memory area (main memory plus information memory,

see corresponding data sheet). This command is not password protected.

All parameters shown in Table 2 are mandatory. After erasing, an acknowledge character DATA_ACK is

sent back by the BSL.

Mass erase initializes the password area to 32 times 0FFh.

NOTE: BSL versions 2.01 and higher support automatic clearing of the LOCKA bit, which protects

information memory.

When entering the BSL by cold start (that is, by applying the BSL hardware entry sequence

on the RST and TST pins), the LOCKA bit is automatically unlocked. A mass erase that is

executed during BSL communication erases all parts of information memory and also main

memory.

When entering the BSL by warm start (that is, by jumping to the BSL application from a

software function), the LOCKA bit is not automatically unlocked. A mass erase performed in

this state does not erase the information memory. Therefore, when the BSL is called by

software, the user application must ensure that LOCKA is cleared before initialization of the

BSL, so a mass erase command can erase the information memory.

2.4.4.5 Erase Segment

The erase segment command erases specific flash memory segments. It is password protected.

The address bytes AL (low byte) and AH (high byte) select the appropriate segment. Any even-numbered

address within the segment to be erased is valid. After segment erasing, an acknowledge character

DATA_ACK is sent back by the BSL (V1.40 or lower).

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