Netty 3.2官方文档：Java网络开发的高效解决方案

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Netty 是一个由 Mina 的作者在 Mina 基础上开发的高性能 Java 网络开发框架，旨在简化网络应用程序的快速开发。官方文档版本为 3.2.4 Final，它提供了一种经过验证的方法来构建高效、易于使用的网络服务。Netty 专注于事件驱动架构，支持异步 I/O，利用拦截器链模式（Interceptor Chain Pattern）实现复杂功能的扩展，如编码解码框架、SSL/TLS 支持、HTTP 实现以及 Google Protocol Buffers 的集成。文档首先引导读者通过实践案例熟悉框架，包括创建 Discard Server（丢弃数据的服务器）、Echo Server（回显服务器）、Time Server 和 Client。这些示例展示了如何处理接收的数据、使用 Socket 缓冲区的注意事项，以及如何将 ChannelBuffer 数据转换为 POJO 对象，以提高代码的可读性。章节二深入探讨了 Netty 的架构。它具有丰富的缓冲数据结构，使得处理大量数据变得高效。Univeral Asynchronous I/O API 提供了灵活的并发处理能力，使得开发者能够同时处理多个连接。事件模型是基于拦截器链的，允许开发者通过添加自定义拦截器轻松扩展网络处理逻辑。高级组件部分介绍了 Netty 的强大功能：codec framework（编码解码器框架）允许开发者自定义数据传输格式；SSL/TLS support（安全套接层/传输层安全支持）确保了通信的安全性；HTTP implementation（HTTP 实现）提供了对 HTTP 协议的支持，方便开发 Web 服务；Google Protocol Buffer Integration 则展示了如何与 Google 的数据序列化格式集成，提高数据交换的效率。最后，文档还包含了如何优雅地关闭应用程序以及总结Netty的优势和适用场景，强调其在现代网络应用开发中的关键角色，特别是对于需要高效、稳定和扩展性支持的项目。Netty 官方文档是一份深入理解并使用这一高性能 Java 网络框架的重要指南。

Writing a Discard Server

DiscardServerHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler, which is an implementation

of ChannelHandler. SimpleChannelHandler provides various event handler methods that

you can override. For now, it is just enough to extend SimpleChannelHandler rather than to

implement the handler interfaces by yourself.

We override the messageReceived event handler method here. This method is called with a

MessageEvent, which contains the received data, whenever new data is received from a client. In

this example, we ignore the received data by doing nothing to implement the DISCARD protocol.

exceptionCaught event handler method is called with an ExceptionEvent when an exception

was raised by Netty due to I/O error or by a handler implementation due to the exception thrown while

processing events. In most cases, the caught exception should be logged and its associated channel

should be closed here, although the implementation of this method can be different depending on what

you want to do to deal with an exceptional situation. For example, you might want to send a response

message with an error code before closing the connection.

So far so good. We have implemented the first half of the DISCARD server. What's left now is to write the

main method which starts the server with the DiscardServerHandler.

package org.jboss.netty.example.discard;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class DiscardServer {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

ChannelFactory factory =

new NioServerSocketChannelFactory (

Executors.newCachedThreadPool(),

Executors.newCachedThreadPool());

ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap (factory);

bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(new ChannelPipelineFactory() {

public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() {

return Channels.pipeline(new DiscardServerHandler());

}

});

bootstrap.setOption("child.tcpNoDelay", true);

bootstrap.setOption("child.keepAlive", true);

bootstrap.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));

}

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