EMMC4.5协议详解：移动设备存储新标准

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"EMMC4.5协议是嵌入式多媒体卡（eMMC）的电气标准，由JEDEC固态技术协会制定。该标准在移动手持设备中广泛应用，逐渐取代了传统的T卡，以提高存储性能和设备集成度。" EMMC（Embedded Multi Media Card）是一种集成了控制器和闪存颗粒的存储解决方案，特别适合于便携式电子设备如智能手机、平板电脑和智能电视等。EMMC4.5是这一系列标准的一个版本，发布于2011年，它定义了与存储器设备通信的电气和协议规范，旨在提升数据传输速度、稳定性和能效。 EMMC4.5协议的核心改进包括以下几个方面： 1. **传输速度提升**：相比于之前的版本，EMMC4.5提高了数据传输速率，支持更高的读写速度，使得设备能够更快地处理大量数据，如加载应用程序、拍摄高分辨率照片或视频等。 2. **接口兼容性增强**：EMMC4.5采用了更新的接口，如HS200模式，提供高达200MB/s的传输速率，同时保持对旧版EMMC标准的向下兼容，确保设备的灵活性和可升级性。 3. **功耗管理优化**：为了适应移动设备的电池限制，EMMC4.5协议在设计时考虑了低功耗模式，允许设备在不使用存储功能时降低能耗，延长电池寿命。 4. **错误校验与数据保护**：EMMC4.5引入了更强大的错误检测和纠正机制，如CRC（循环冗余校验）和ECC（纠错码），以确保数据的完整性和可靠性，特别是在处理大量数据时。 5. **高级命令集**：新的协议增加了更多的命令，如命令队列（Command Queue）功能，可以批量处理多个命令，减少延迟，提高系统效率。 6. **安全性提升**：EMMC4.5还提供了安全特性，支持加密和安全擦除功能，保护用户数据的安全。 EMMC4.5协议的实施不仅简化了设备制造商的设计流程，降低了生产成本，还为消费者带来了更快的启动时间、流畅的操作体验以及更可靠的存储服务。随着技术的发展，后续还有EMMC5.0、5.1等更新版本，继续推动着存储技术的进步。

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 33 - RTC_INFO_TYPE Field Description ....................................................................................... 83

Table 34 - Command Format ...................................................................................................................... 88

Table 35 - Supported Device command classes (0–56) .............................................................................. 89

Table 36 - Basic commands (class 0 and class 1) ....................................................................................... 90

Table 37 - Block-oriented read commands (class 2) ................................................................................... 91

Table 38 - Class 3 commands ..................................................................................................................... 91

Table 39 - Block-oriented write commands (class 4) ................................................................................. 92

Table 40 - Block-oriented write protection commands (class 6) ................................................................ 94

Table 41 - Erase commands (class 5) .......................................................................................................... 95

Table 42- I/O mode commands (class 9) .................................................................................................... 96

Table 43 - Lock Device commands (class 7) .............................................................................................. 96

Table 44 - Application-specific commands (class 8) .................................................................................. 96

Table 45 - Device state transitions .............................................................................................................. 97

Table 46 - R1 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 47 - R2 response ............................................................................................................................... 99

Table 48 - R3 Response ............................................................................................................................ 100

Table 49 - R4 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 50 - R5 response ............................................................................................................................. 100

Table 51 - Device status ............................................................................................................................ 102

Table 52 - Device Status field/command - cross reference ....................................................................... 104

Table 53 - Response 1 Status Bit Valid .................................................................................................... 105

Table 54 - Timing Parameters ................................................................................................................... 116

Table 55 – Timing Parameters for HS200 mode ...................................................................................... 117

Table 56 - H/W reset timing parameters ................................................................................................... 120

Table 57 - OCR register definitions .......................................................................................................... 121

Table 58 - CID Fields ............................................................................................................................... 122

Table 59 - Device Types ........................................................................................................................... 122

Table 60 - CSD Fields ............................................................................................................................... 124

Table 61 - CSD register structure ............................................................................................................. 125

Table 62 - System specification version ................................................................................................... 125

Table 63 - TAAC access-time definition .................................................................................................. 125

Table 64 - Maximum bus clock frequency definition ............................................................................... 126

Table 65 - Supported Device command classes ........................................................................................ 126

Table 66 - Data block length ..................................................................................................................... 127

Table 67 - DSR implementation code table .............................................................................................. 127

Table 68 - V

(min) current consumption ............................................................................................... 128

Table 69 - V

(max) current consumption .............................................................................................. 128

Table 70 - Multiplier factor for device size .............................................................................................. 129

Table 71 - R2W_FACTOR ....................................................................................................................... 130

Table 72 - File formats .............................................................................................................................. 131

Table 73 - ECC type ................................................................................................................................. 131

Table 74 - CSD field command classes .................................................................................................... 132

Table 75 - Extended CSD ......................................................................................................................... 134

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiii-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 76 - Device-supported command sets ............................................................................................. 138

Table 77 - HPI features ............................................................................................................................. 138

Table 78 - Background operations support ............................................................................................... 138

Table 79 - Context Management Context Capabilities ............................................................................. 139

Table 80 - Extended CSD Register Support ............................................................................................. 140

Table 81 - Generic Switch Timeout Definition ......................................................................................... 140

Table 82 - Power off long switch timeout definition ................................................................................ 140

Table 83 - Background operations status .................................................................................................. 141

Table 84 - Correctly programmed sectors number ................................................................................... 141

Table 85 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................... 141

Table 86 - TRIM/DISCARD Time out value ........................................................................................... 142

Table 87 - SEC Feature Support ............................................................................................................... 142

Table 88 - Boot information ..................................................................................................................... 143

Table 89 - Boot partition size .................................................................................................................... 143

Table 90 - Access size ............................................................................................................................... 144

Table 91 - Superpage size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 92 - Erase-unit size ......................................................................................................................... 144

Table 93 - Erase timeout values ................................................................................................................ 145

Table 94 - Reliable write sector count ...................................................................................................... 145

Table 95 - Write protect group size .......................................................................................................... 145

Table 96 - S_C_VCC, S_C_VCCQ timeout values .................................................................................. 146

Table 97 - Sleep/awake timeout values ..................................................................................................... 146

Table 98 - R/W access performance values .............................................................................................. 147

Table 99 - Power classes ........................................................................................................................... 148

Table 100 - Partition switch timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 101 - Out-of-interrupt timeout definition ........................................................................................ 149

Table 102 – Supported Driver Strengths ................................................................................................... 149

Table 103 - Device types .......................................................................................................................... 150

Table 104 - CSD register structure ........................................................................................................... 150

Table 105 - Extended CSD revisions ........................................................................................................ 150

Table 106 - Standard MMC command set revisions ................................................................................. 151

Table 107 - Power class codes .................................................................................................................. 151

Table 108 - HS_TIMING (timing and driver strength) ............................................................................ 152

Table 109 - HS_TIMING values .............................................................................................................. 152

Table 110 - Bus mode values .................................................................................................................... 152

Table 111 - Erased memory content values .............................................................................................. 152

Table 112 - Boot configuration bytes ....................................................................................................... 153

Table 113 - Boot config protection ........................................................................................................... 154

Table 114 - Boot bus configuration .......................................................................................................... 155

Table 115 - Bus Width and Timing Mode Transition ............................................................................... 156

Table 116- ERASE_GROUP_DEF .......................................................................................................... 156

Table 117 - BOOT area write protection .................................................................................................. 157

Table 118 - User area write protection ...................................................................................................... 159

JEDEC Standard No. 84-B45

-xiv-

EMBEDDED MULTI-MEDIA CARD (e•MMC), ELECTRICAL STANDARD (4.5 Device)

List of Tables (cont'd)

Page

Table 119 - FW Update Disable ............................................................................................................... 160

Table 120 - RPMB Partition Size ............................................................................................................. 160

Table 121 - Write reliability setting .......................................................................................................... 161

Table 122 - Write reliability parameter register ........................................................................................ 162

Table 123 - Background operations enable ............................................................................................... 162

Table 124 - H/W reset function ................................................................................................................. 163

Table 125 - HPI management ................................................................................................................... 163

Table 126 - Partitioning Support ............................................................................................................... 164

Table 127 - Max. Enhanced Area Size ..................................................................................................... 164

Table 128 - Partitions Attribute ................................................................................................................ 165

Table 129 - Partition Setting ..................................................................................................................... 165

Table 130 - General Purpose Partition Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 131 - Enhanced User Data Area Size .............................................................................................. 166

Table 132 - Enhanced User Data Start Address ........................................................................................ 167

Table 133 - Secure Bad Block management ............................................................................................. 167

Table 134 - Initialization Time out value .................................................................................................. 169

Table 135 – Class 6 usage ......................................................................................................................... 169

Table 136 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[56] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 137 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_CTRL[57] ..................................................................................... 170

Table 138 - EXCEPTION_EVENTS_STATUS[54] ................................................................................ 170

Table 139 - EXCEPTION_EVENT_STATUS[55] .................................................................................. 170

Table 140 - First Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[52] .............................................................. 171

Table 141 - Second Byte EXT_PARTITIONS_ATTRIBUTE[53] .......................................................... 171

Table 142 - CONTEXT_CONF configuration format .............................................................................. 172

Table 143- Packed Command Status Register .......................................................................................... 172

Table 144 - Valid POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION values ..................................................................... 173

Table 145 - Error correction codes ........................................................................................................... 174

Table 146 - DSR register content .............................................................................................................. 181

Table 147 - General operating conditions ................................................................................................. 183

Table 148 - e•MMC power supply voltage ............................................................................................... 185

Table 149 - e•MMC voltage combinations ............................................................................................... 185

Table 150 - Capacitance ............................................................................................................................ 186

Table 151 - Open-drain bus signal level ................................................................................................... 187

Table 152 - Push-pull signal level—high-voltage e•MMC ...................................................................... 187

Table 153 - Push-pull signal level—1.65-1.95 VCCQ voltage Range ..................................................... 188

Table 154 - Push-pull signal level—1.1V-1.3V VCCQ range e•MMC .................................................... 188

Table 155 – I/O driver strength types ....................................................................................................... 189

Table 156 - Driver Type-0 AC Characteristics ........................................................................................ 190

Table 157 - High-speed Device interface timing ...................................................................................... 191

Table 158 - Backward-compatible Device interface timing ..................................................................... 192

Table 159 - High-speed dual rate interface timing .................................................................................... 193

Table 160 - HS200 Clock signal timing .................................................................................................... 194

Table 161 - HS200 Device input timing ................................................................................................... 196

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