January 10, 2008 / Vol. 6, No. 1 / CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS 47
Influences of laser in low power YAG laser-MAG
hybrid welding process
Ruisheng Huang (
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), Liming Liu (
444
iii
²²²
), and Fan Zhang (
ÜÜÜ
~~~
)
State Key Laboratory of Materials Modif ication & School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024
Received July 2, 2007
The influences of laser defocusing amount ∆z, laser power P , space distance D
LA
between laser and
arc on weld penetration, arc mod ality and stability are investigated in low power YAG laser and metal
active gas (laser-MAG) hybrid welding process. The experimental results indicate that the effects of laser-
induced attraction and contraction of MAG arc are emerged in hybrid welding process, which result in
the augmentation of hybrid welding energy. When D
LA
= −0.5 − 2 mm, ∆z = − 2 − 2 mm and P ≥ 73
W, the synergic efficiency between laser and MAG arc is obvious, the cross section at the root of hybrid
arc is contracted and the hybrid weld penetration is increased. The maximal ratio of hybrid/MAG weld
penetration is 1.5 and the lowest YAG laser power that augments MAG arc is 73 W. The input of YAG
laser makes the stabilities of arc ignition and combustion prominent in hybrid welding process.
OCIS codes: 350.2660, 350.3390, 350.5400, 140.3390.
Since the investigation of laser and tungsten inert gas
(laser-TIG) hybrid welding was carried out by Steen et
al. in 1979
[1]
, further researches on the hybrid welding
technology have been done
[2,3]
due to the advantages
of weld penetration, efficiency and capacity of gap tol-
erance etc in laser-arc hybrid welding process
[4]
. In
recent years, with the industrial demands of shipbuild-
ing and car manufacturing, investigations of laser-arc
hybrid welding are focused on high power laser and
metal inert gas (laser-MIG) hybrid welding of thick steel
plates and Al alloys
[5−7]
. And the practical industrial
application of laser-MIG hybrid welding is achieved
[8,9]
.
However, high powe r laser-arc hybrid welding will result
in the incr e ase of energy consumption and welding cost.
Therefore, the low power laser-arc hybrid welding tech-
nology is studied to avoid the disa dvantages mentioned
above. The influences of welding parameters, theoreti-
cal lowest laser power input, arc discharge, arc stability,
molten efficiency etc. have been investigated la rgely in
low powe r laser-TIG hybrid welding process
[10−13]
. But
a small quantity of researches on welding parameters,
droplet transfer, arc voltage, arc cathode spot etc in
low power laser-MIG hybrid welding process have bee n
reported
[14]
. At present, researches on the interaction
between laser and ar c in laser and metal inert/active gas
(laser-MIG/MAG) a rc hybrid welding process still focus
on high power laser input
[15,16]
, while few researches on
interaction between laser a nd arc in low power YAG
laser-MAG arc hybrid welding process are r e po rted. In
this pa per, the influences of s pace distance between la ser
and arc D
LA
, laser defocusing amount ∆z, laser power
P on weld penetratio n and arc characteristic are investi-
gated in low power pulsed YAG laser and direct current
(DC) pulsed MAG arc hybrid welding process of Q235B
steel.
A low power pulsed YAG laser (LWS-500YAG) combin-
ing with a MIG/MAG welding equipment (YD-350AG1)
was used in the bead-on-plate welding process. And a
high speed camera (CPL 250K CMOS) with the sam-
pling frequency of 1072 frames/second was placed at
the vertical direction to welding seam to monitor the
transformation of arc. The sketch of s et up in hybrid
welding process is shown in Fig. 1. The YAG laser acted
on the t
p
peak current region and t
i
current increase
region of pulsed MAG arc separately with the control
and adjustment of YAG laser output. The sketch of laser
action region is shown in Fig. 2. The specimen of Q235B
steel plate w ith the dimension of 300 × 120 × 8 (mm)
was used in the experiment. The surface of Q235B steel
Fig. 1. Set up of hybrid welding.
Fig. 2. Sketch of laser action region in current wave.
1671-7694/2008/010047-04
c
2008 Chinese Optics Letters
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