.NET Core深度探索与实战指南

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Core

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".NET Core编程宝典是一本全面介绍.NET Core开发的书籍，内容丰富，包含众多示例和图表，适合希望深入理解.NET Core技术的读者。书中不仅涵盖了.NET Core的基础知识，还深入探讨了高级主题，是成为.NET Core专家的必备读物。与仅介绍入门知识的其他资料相比，本书提供了更为系统和全面的学习路径。" 正文：本书".NET Core编程宝典"旨在解决.NET Core开发者在寻找详尽资料时遇到的问题。它深入浅出地介绍了.NET Core的核心概念和技术，使读者能够从入门到精通。以下是一些主要的知识点： 1. **.NET Guide**: 这部分引导读者了解.NET平台，包括它的历史、目标以及如何开始使用.NET Core进行开发。 2. **Get Started with .NET**: 提供快速入门教程，让初学者能够快速搭建环境并编写第一个.NET Core应用。 3. **Tour of .NET**: 对.NET架构进行概览，包括.NET Standard、目标框架（Target Frameworks）以及.NET组件的架构设计。 4. **.NET Microservices**: 专门讨论使用.NET Core构建微服务架构，讲解如何设计和实现容器化的应用程序。 5. **.NET Architectural Components**: 揭示.NET框架的组成，如.NET Standard库和类库，强调跨语言和跨平台的能力。 6. **Common Language Runtime (CLR)**: 解释CLR的作用，它是.NET运行时的核心，负责执行托管代码，提供自动内存管理（Automatic Memory Management）和垃圾收集（Garbage Collection）。 7. **Language Independence**: 讨论.NET如何实现语言独立性，允许不同编程语言之间轻松交互。 8. **Generics, Delegates and Lambdas**: 阐述泛型类型、委托和lambda表达式，这些都是.NET中强大的功能，用于编写高效和灵活的代码。 9. **LINQ (Language Integrated Query)**: 深入介绍LINQ，一种在.NET中集成的数据查询机制，简化了数据操作。 10. **Asynchronous Programming**: 讲解异步编程，包括异步方法、任务、异步编程模式（如async/await），以及如何处理并发和并行。 11. **Native Interoperability**: 讨论.NET Core如何与非托管代码（如C++库）交互，实现本机互操作性。 12. **Collections and Data Structures**: 介绍.NET中的各种集合和数据结构，如数组、列表、字典等，以及如何选择合适的结构来优化性能。 13. **Numerics in .NET**: 讨论数值类型，包括浮点数、复数、大整数等，以及日期、时间和时区的处理。 14. **Events**: 解析.NET中的事件模型，以及如何在类之间订阅和发布事件。 15. **Managed Execution Process**: 描述.NET应用程序的执行过程，包括元数据、自我描述组件和运行时行为。 16. **Building Console Applications**: 教导读者如何创建和管理控制台应用程序，包括输入输出和错误处理。 17. **Parallel Processing and Concurrency**: 探讨并行处理和并发控制，帮助开发者充分利用多核处理器的性能。 18. **Application Essentials**: 提供应用程序开发的基本要素，如文件和流I/O、全球化支持等。这本书通过实例和详细的解释，为读者构建了一个全面的.NET Core学习框架。无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从中受益，提升对.NET Core的理解和应用能力。

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.NET Guide

7/29/2017 • 1 min to read • Edit Online

New to .NET

New to .NET Core

New to .NET Standard

Porting .NET Framework Code to .NET Core

Porting a NuGet package from .NET Framework to .NET Standard or

.NET Core

Interested in Major .NET Concepts

The .NET Guide provides a large amount of information about .NET. Depending on your familiarity with .NET, you

may wish to explore different sections of this guide and other sections of the .NET documentation.

If you're new to .NET, check out the Get Started article.

If you prefer to have a guided tour through major features of .NET, check out the Tour of .NET.

You can also read about .NET Architectural Components to get an overview of the various "pieces" of .NET and how

they fit together.

If you're new to .NET Core, check out Get Started with .NET Core.

If you're new to .NET Standard, check out .NET Standard.

If you're looking to port an application, service, or some component of a system to .NET Core, check out Porting to

.NET Core from .NET Framework.

If you're looking to port a NuGet package to .NET Standard, check out Porting to .NET Core from .NET Framework.

Tooling for .NET Standard and .NET Core are shared, so the content will be relevant for porting to .NET Standard as

well as .NET Core.

If you're interested in some of the major concepts of .NET, check out:

.NET Architectural Components

.NET Standard

Native Interoperability

Garbage Collection

Base Types in .NET

Collections

Dates, times, and time zones

Asynchronous Programming

Additionally, check out each language guide to learn about the three major .NET languages:

C# Guide

Tour of .NET

8/5/2017 • 9 min to read • Edit Online

How to run the code samples

Programming languages

Automatic memory management

var title = ".NET Primer";

var list = new List<string>();

.NET is a general purpose development platform. It has several key features, such as support for multiple

programming languages, asynchronous and concurrent programming models, and native interoperability, which

enable a wide range of scenarios across multiple platforms.

This article offers a guided tour through some of the key features of the .NET. See the .NET Architectural

Components topic to learn about the architectural pieces of .NET and what they're used for.

To learn how to set up a development environment to run the code samples, see the Getting Started topic. Copy

and paste code samples from this page into your environment to execute them.

.NET supports multiple programming languages. The .NET implementations implement the Common Language

Infrastructure (CLI), which among other things specifies a language-independent runtime and language

interoperability. This means that you choose any .NET language to build apps and services on .NET.

Microsoft actively develops and supports three .NET languages: C#, F#, and Visual Basic (VB).

C# is simple, powerful, type-safe, and object-oriented, while retaining the expressiveness and elegance of C-

style languages. Anyone familiar with C and similar languages finds few problems in adapting to C#. Check

out the C# Guide to learn more about C#.

F# is a cross-platform, functional-first programming language that also supports traditional object-oriented

and imperative programming. Check out the F# Guide to learn more about F#.

Visual Basic is an easy language to learn that you use to build a variety of apps that run on .NET. Among the

.NET languages, the syntax of VB is the closest to ordinary human language, often making it easier for

people new to software development.

.NET uses garbage collection (GC) to provide automatic memory management for programs. The GC operates on a

lazy approach to memory management, preferring app throughput to the immediate collection of memory. To

learn more about the .NET GC, check out Fundamentals of garbage collection (GC).

The following two lines both allocate memory:

There's no analogous keyword to de-allocate memory, as de-allocation happens automatically when the garbage

collector reclaims the memory through its scheduled run.

The garbage collector is one of the services that help ensure memory safety. A program is memory safe if it

accesses only allocated memory. For instance, the runtime ensures that an app doesn't access unallocated memory

beyond the bounds of an array.

int[] numbers = new int[42];

int number = numbers[42]; // Will throw an exception (indexes are 0-based)

Working with unmanaged resources

using System.IO;

using (FileStream stream = GetFileStream(context))

{

// Operations on the stream

}

Type safety

Dog dog = AnimalShelter.AdoptDog(); // Returns a Dog type.

Pet pet = (Pet)dog; // Dog derives from Pet.

pet.ActCute();

Car car = (Car)dog; // Will throw - no relationship between Car and Dog.

object temp = (object)dog; // Legal - a Dog is an object.

In the following example, the runtime throws an InvalidIndexException exception to enforce memory safety:

Some objects reference unmanaged resources. Unmanaged resources are resources that aren't automatically

maintained by the .NET runtime. For example, a file handle is an unmanaged resource. A FileStream object is a

managed object, but it references a file handle, which is unmanaged. When you're done using the FileStream, you

need to release the file handle.

In .NET, objects that reference unmanaged resources implement the IDisposable interface. When you're done using

the object, you call the object's Dispose() method, which is responsible for releasing any unmanaged resources.

.NET languages provide a convenient using syntax for such objects, as shown in the following example:

Once the using block completes, the .NET runtime automatically calls the stream object's Dispose() method,

which releases the file handle. The runtime also does this if an exception causes control to leave the block.

For more details, see the following topics:

For C#, see the using Statement (C# Reference) topic.

For F#, see Resource Management: The use Keyword.

For VB, see the Using Statement (Visual Basic) topic.

An object is an instance of a specific type. The only operations allowed for a given object are those of its type. A

Dog type may have Jump and WagTail methods but not a SumTotal method. A program only calls the methods

belonging to a given type. All other calls result in either a compile-time error or a run-time exception (in case of

using dynamic features or object ).

.NET languages are object-oriented with hierarchies of base and derived classes. The .NET runtime only allows

object casts and calls that align with the object hierarchy. Remember that every type defined in any .NET language

derives from the base Object type.

Type safety is also used to help enforce encapsulation by guaranteeing the fidelity of the accessor keywords.

Accessor keywords are artifacts which control access to members of a given type by other code. These are usually

used for various kinds of data within a type that are used to manage its behavior.

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