Python与AWS实战指南：Mitch Garnaat编著

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《Python与AWSCookbook》是一本由Mitch Garnaat撰写的英文专业书籍，专为那些希望在亚马逊网络服务(AWS)上利用Python编程进行实践和优化工作的人士提供深入指南。该书以其实用性和丰富的实例，将Python语言与AWS的各种服务紧密结合，帮助读者掌握如何构建、部署和管理基于云的应用程序。书中内容覆盖了广泛的AWS服务，包括Amazon S3（简单存储服务）、Amazon EC2（弹性计算云）、Amazon RDS（关系数据库服务）、Amazon SNS（简单通知服务）等，以及如何通过Boto3库，Python的官方AWS SDK，来无缝地与这些服务进行交互。作者以清晰的步骤和易于理解的语言，阐述了如何编写脚本来自动化常见的运维任务，如数据存储、计算、监控和安全控制。《Python与AWS Cookbok》不仅适合初学者，也对有一定Python基础但对AWS不熟悉的开发者十分有用，因为它提供了逐步学习和实践的机会，使读者能够快速上手并提升在AWS环境下的编程能力。此外，书中还包含了最新的技术和最佳实践，确保读者跟上AWS技术的快速发展。该书版权由Mitch Garnaat持有，2012年首次出版，并定期更新以反映AWS服务的最新变化。在线版本也便于获取，方便读者根据需要随时查阅。编辑团队包括Julie Steele和Meghan Blanchette，他们确保了内容的专业性和准确性。本书设计简洁，插图直观，使得复杂的技术概念易于理解。如果你是一名IT专业人士，正在寻找一本能够提升你在AWS环境中Python技能的实战指南，或者想要深入了解如何利用Python简化AWS管理，那么《Python与AWS Cookbook》无疑是一个值得投资的资源。无论你是想独立学习还是作为团队培训材料，这本书都能提供丰富的实践案例和深入的理论指导。

Installing boto with pip

The pip utility is another tool to find, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages.

In my experience, both work well, so do a bit of research and make up your own mind.

Or use both! Detailed instructions for installing pip can be found at http://pypi.python

.org/pypi/pip. Once you have pip set up on your machine, installing boto is similarly

easy:

% sudo pip install boto

Installing boto with virtualenv

One final option in the litany of installation options is actually not an installation tool

at all, but a very handy way of creating isolated Python environments. With virtua

lenv you can create any number of isolated, self-contained Python environments on

your workstation. Packages that are installed in these virtual environments will not

affect your system Python packages or other virtual environments. I have found this is

a very useful way to have many different projects in progress on my laptop without

worrying about changes or mistakes in one project affecting other projects or my global

environment. As an added benefit, once you have installed virtualenv and created an

environment, you automatically have access to both easy_install and pip within those

environments and installing software within the environment does not require super-

user or administrator rights.

Detailed instructions for installing virtualenv can be found at http://pypi.python.org/

pypi/virtualenv. Once you have virtualenv set up on your machine, you can set up a

virtual environment:

% virtualenv paws

You can name your virtualenv whatever you like, obviously. You can then enable your

virtual environment and install boto:

% cd paws

% source bin/activate

% pip install boto

Installing paramiko

The paramiko package implements the SSH2 protocol for secure connections to remote

machines. You can use boto without paramiko, but some of the EC2 recipes in this book

depend on the paramiko package, so I would recommend installing it. You can manually

install it using the instructions on http://www.lag.net/paramiko/, or, if you have installed

easy_install or pip, you can do easy_install paramiko or pip install paramiko.

Installing euca2ools

One final package you might want to install is euca2ools. This package was developed

by the Eucalyptus team to provide command-line tools that are compatible with the

1.2 Installing boto | 3

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tools supplied by AWS. euca2ools is written in Python and built on top of boto. It

provides a great set of tools to help you manage your cloud infrastructure as well as

providing good example code to study and extend.

euca2ools has been packaged by many Linux distros. On Ubuntu, you can install it via

sudo apt-get -y euca2ools. On yum-based distros, you can do sudo yum install

euca2ools. You can also get the latest version of the source code at https://launchpad

.net/euca2ools or download packaged source releases from http://open.eucalyptus.com/

downloads.

1.3 Getting Started with Amazon Web Services

Create Your AWS Account

The first thing you will need to do to use Amazon Web Services is sign up for an account.

Go to http://aws.amazon.com/ and click on the Sign Up Now button. If you already

have an account with Amazon.com and want to associate your AWS activity with that

account, you can simply log in with those credentials. If you prefer, you can create a

new account just for your AWS activity.

For detailed instructions on signing up for AWS, you can check out this tutorial, pro-

vided by RightScale.

Make sure your account has been enabled for at least the EC2 service and the S3 service.

The tutorial linked to above provides detailed instructions on signing up for services.

Once your account has been created, a variety of credentials will be associated with it:

AWS Account Credentials

These are the credentials you use to log into the AWS web portal and the AWS

Management Console and consist of an email address and a password. Since these

credentials control access to all of the other credentials discussed below, it is very

important to choose a strong password for this account and to age the password

aggressively.

AWS Account Number

This is the unique 12-digit number associated with your AWS account. Unlike the

other credentials we will discuss, this one is not a secret. The easiest way to find

your account number is to look in the upper-right corner of the web page after you

have logged into the AWS portal. You should see something like Figure 1-2.

The Account Number is a public identifier and is used mainly for sharing resources

within AWS. For example, if I create an AMI in EC2 and I want to share that AMI

with a specific user without making the AMI public, I would need to add that user’s

Account Number to the list of user IDs associated with the AMI. One potential

source of confusion here: even though the Account Number is displayed with

4 | Chapter 1: General Info

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hyphens

separating the three groups of four digits, when it is used via the API, the

hyphens must be removed.

AccessKeyID and SecretAccessKey

These Access Identifiers are at the heart of all API access in AWS. Every REST or

Query API request made to every AWS service requires you to pass your

AccessKeyID to identify who you are. The APIs also require you to compute and

include a signature in the request.

The signature is calculated by concatenating a number of elements of the request

(e.g., timestamp, request name, parameters, etc.) into a StringToSign and then

creating a signature by computing an HMAC of the StringToSign using your

SecretAccessKey as the key.

When the request is received by AWS, the service concatenates the same String-

ToSign and then computes the signature based on the SecretAccessKey AWS has

associated with the AccessKeyID sent in the request. If they match, the request is

authenticated. If not, it is rejected.

The AccessKeyID associated with an account cannot be changed, but the

SecretAccessKey can be regenerated at any time using the AWS portal. Because the

SecretAccessKey is the shared secret upon which the entire authentication mech-

anism is based, if there is any risk that your SecretAccessKey has been compro-

mised, you should regenerate it.

X.509 Certificate

The other Access Identifier associated with your account is the X.509 Certificate.

You can provide your own certificate or you can have AWS generate a certificate

for you. This certificate can be used for authenticating requests when using the

SOAP versions of the AWS APIs, and it is also used when creating your own S3-

based AMIs in EC2. Essentially, the files that are created when bundling an AMI

are cryptographically signed using the X.509 cert associated with your account, so

if anyone were to try to tamper with the bundled AMI, the signature would be

broken and easily detected.

Figure 1-2. Finding Your AWS Account Number

1.3 Getting Started with Amazon Web Services | 5

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