40G/100G数据速率标准：OIF_CEI_03.0解读

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"OIF_CEI_03.0标准是面向40G/100G数据速率的国际电接口标准，由光学互连论坛（Optical Internetworking Forum, OIF）制定，旨在促进高速电子接口的电气和抖动互操作性。此实现协议（Implementation Agreement, IA）编号为OIF-CEI-03.0，首次发布于2011年9月，详细规定了6Gbps、11Gbps以及25Gbps及以上速率的I/O接口的电气特性和抖动兼容性要求。" OIF（光学互连论坛）是一个国际性的非营利组织，拥有超过90家成员公司，包括全球主要的运营商和供应商。该组织致力于加快数据和光学领域的技术融合，推动互操作性的部署，从而促进网络基础设施的发展。 CEI（Common Electrical I/O）标准是OIF制定的一系列高速电气接口规范，其目的是定义一套通用的电气接口标准，确保不同厂商的设备在高速数据传输时能实现互操作性。OIF_CEI_03.0标准作为CEI标准的一个版本，主要关注40Gbps和100Gbps的高速率应用，这些速率对于数据中心、云计算和高性能计算等领域的高带宽需求至关重要。该标准的详细内容可能包括但不限于以下几点： 1. **电气特性**：定义了接口的信号电平、阻抗匹配、信号完整性要求，以及在高速传输下保持低误码率所需的电气性能参数。 2. **抖动和同步**：设定了接口允许的最大抖动范围，确保数据在高速传输过程中保持稳定，同时定义了同步机制，保证设备间的时钟同步。 3. **热插拔和支持**：为了实现即插即用，标准可能包含关于热插拔的指导，以及如何在不中断系统运行的情况下添加或移除设备的规程。 4. **功耗和散热**：考虑到高数据速率下的功耗问题，标准可能规定了功率预算和散热管理策略。 5. **机械和物理接口**：定义了连接器和电缆的物理规格，确保物理层面的互操作性。 6. **测试和验证**：提供了一套测试方法和指标，以便制造商验证他们的产品是否符合OIF_CEI_03.0标准。 7. **兼容性**：确保与早期CEI版本的兼容性，允许逐步升级和扩展现有的网络基础设施。 8. **一致性要求**：规定了设备在实际网络环境中的行为，以保证它们能够在各种网络配置和条件下正常工作。 OIF-CEI-03.0的发布对于推动100Gbps（如100G KR接口）等高速接口的广泛应用具有重要意义，它促进了业界的标准统一，降低了设备间的互操作性问题，加速了高带宽通信技术的商业化进程。通过这个标准，设计人员可以构建更高效、可靠且兼容性强的网络系统，满足不断增长的数据传输需求。

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Implementation Agreement OIF-CEI-03.0 Common Electrical I/O (CEI)

16 Clause 0 : Document Structure and Contents - Optical Internetworking Forum

9.2.7 Channel Compliance .............................................................................. 185

9.2.7.1 CEI-11G-LR Channel Compliance........................................... 185

9.2.7.2 CEI-11G-MR Channel Compliance.......................................... 186

9.3 Electrical Characteristics, CEI-11G-LR and CEI-11G-MR ................................ 186

9.3.1 Driver Characteristics ............................................................................. 186

9.3.1.1 Driver Baud Rate ..................................................................... 188

9.3.1.2 Driver Amplitude and Swing..................................................... 188

9.3.1.3 Driver Resistance and Return Loss ......................................... 188

9.3.1.4 Driver Lane-to-Lane Skew ....................................................... 188

9.3.1.5 Driver Short Circuit Current...................................................... 188

9.3.1.6 Driver Template and Jitter........................................................ 188

9.3.2 CEI-11G-LR Receiver Characteristics.................................................... 189

9.3.2.1 Input Baud Rate ....................................................................... 189

9.3.2.2 Absolute Input Voltage............................................................. 190

9.3.2.3 Input Resistance and Return Loss........................................... 190

9.3.2.4 Input Signal Amplitude ............................................................. 190

9.3.2.5 Input Lane-to-Lane Skew......................................................... 190

9.3.3 CEI-11G-MR Receiver Characteristics................................................... 190

9.3.3.1 Input Baud Rate ....................................................................... 191

9.3.3.2 Reference Input Signals........................................................... 192

9.3.3.3 Input Resistance and Return Loss........................................... 192

9.3.3.4 Input Lane-to-Lane Skew......................................................... 192

9.A Informative Jitter Budgets ................................................................................. 193

9.A.1 Informative Jitter Budget for Long Reach............................................... 193

9.A.2 Informative Jitter Budget for Medium Reach .......................................... 193

9.B StatEye.org templates....................................................................................... 195

9.B.1 StatEye.org templates for CEI-11G-LR, reference receiver A................ 195

9.B.2 StatEye.org Templates for CEI-11G-LR, reference receiver B .............. 197

9.B.3 StatEye.org templates for CEI-11G-MR reach ....................................... 199

10 CEI-28G-SR Short Reach Interface......................................................................... 203

10.1 Requirements.................................................................................................... 203

10.2 General Requirements ...................................................................................... 203

10.2.1 Data Patterns ......................................................................................... 203

10.2.2 Signal levels ........................................................................................... 203

10.2.3 Signal Definitions.................................................................................... 203

10.2.4 Bit Error Ratio......................................................................................... 204

10.2.5 Ground Differences ................................................................................ 204

10.2.6 Channel Compliance .............................................................................. 204

10.2.6.1 Reference Model...................................................................... 204

10.2.6.2 Insertion Loss........................................................................... 205

10.2.6.3 Fitted insertion loss .................................................................. 207

10.2.6.4 Insertion loss deviation (ILD) ................................................... 207

10.2.6.5 Channel differential return loss ................................................ 208

10.2.6.6 Channel integrated crosstalk noise.......................................... 208

10.3 Electrical Characteristics................................................................................... 210

10.3.1 Transmitter Characteristics .................................................................... 210

10.3.1.1 Transmitter Baud Rate............................................................. 211

10.3.1.2 Transmitter Amplitude and Swing ............................................ 211

10.3.1.3 Transmitter Resistance and Return Loss................................. 211

10.3.1.4 Transmitter Lane-to-Lane Skew............................................... 211

10.3.1.5 Transmitter Short Circuit Current ............................................. 212

10.3.1.6 Transmitter output waveform requirements ............................. 212

10.3.2 Receiver Characteristics ........................................................................ 217

10.3.2.1 Input Baud Rate ....................................................................... 217

Implementation Agreement OIF-CEI-03.0 Common Electrical I/O (CEI)

Optical Internetworking Forum - Clause 0 : Document Structure and Contents 17

10.3.2.2 Reference Input Signals........................................................... 218

10.3.2.3 Input Resistance and Return Loss ........................................... 218

10.3.2.4 Input Lane-to-Lane Skew ......................................................... 218

10.3.2.5 Absolute Input Voltage............................................................. 218

11 CEI-25G-LR Long Reach Interface.......................................................................... 219

11.1 Requirements .................................................................................................... 219

11.2 General Requirements ...................................................................................... 219

11.2.1 Data Patterns ......................................................................................... 219

11.2.2 Signal levels ........................................................................................... 219

11.2.3 Signal Definitions.................................................................................... 219

11.2.4 Bit Error Ratio ......................................................................................... 220

11.2.5 Ground Differences ................................................................................ 220

11.2.6 Channel Compliance .............................................................................. 220

11.2.6.1 Reference Model...................................................................... 220

11.2.6.2 Insertion Loss........................................................................... 221

11.2.6.3 Fitted insertion loss .................................................................. 223

11.2.6.4 Insertion loss deviation (ILD).................................................... 223

11.2.6.5 Channel Return Loss ............................................................... 224

11.2.6.6 Channel integrated crosstalk noise.......................................... 224

11.3 Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................... 226

11.3.1 Transmitter Characteristics..................................................................... 226

11.3.1.1 Transmitter Baud Rate ............................................................. 227

11.3.1.2 Transmitter Amplitude and Swing ............................................ 227

11.3.1.3 Transmitter Resistance and Return Loss................................. 227

11.3.1.4 Transmitter Lane-to-Lane Skew............................................... 227

11.3.1.5 Transmitter Short Circuit Current ............................................. 228

11.3.1.6 Transmitter output waveform requirements ............................. 228

11.3.2 Receiver Characteristics......................................................................... 233

11.3.2.1 Input Baud Rate ....................................................................... 233

11.3.2.2 Reference Input Signals........................................................... 234

11.3.2.3 Input Resistance and Return Loss ........................................... 234

11.3.2.4 Input Lane-to-Lane Skew ......................................................... 234

11.3.2.5 Absolute Input Voltage............................................................. 234

12 Test Methodologies for CEI-28G-SR and CEI-25G-LR .......................................... 235

12.1 TX jitter measurement methodology ................................................................. 235

12.1.1 Data Dependent Jitter (DDJ) measurement ........................................... 236

12.2 Channel compliance methodology .................................................................... 237

12.2.1 Channel Compliance .............................................................................. 237

12.2.1.1 Fitted insertion loss .................................................................. 237

12.2.1.2 Integrated crosstalk noise ........................................................ 239

12.3 Common Mode Noise ....................................................................................... 241

Implementation Agreement OIF-CEI-03.0 Common Electrical I/O (CEI)

18 Clause 0 : Document Structure and Contents - Optical Internetworking Forum

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Definition of Driver Amplitude and Swing................................................... 36

Figure 1-2 Skew and Relative Wander between in band Signals................................ 37

Figure 1-3 Total Wander of a Signal............................................................................ 37

Figure 1-4 Transmit Eye Mask .................................................................................... 39

Figure 1-5 Receiver Input Mask .................................................................................. 40

Figure 1-6 Reference Model........................................................................................ 41

Figure 1-7 Signal Diagram........................................................................................... 42

Figure 1-8 Some typical systems ................................................................................ 44

Figure 2-1 CID Jitter Tolerance Pattern....................................................................... 45

Figure 2-2 CID Jitter Tolerance Pattern....................................................................... 53

Figure 2-3 Total Wander Mask .................................................................................... 57

Figure 2-4 Relative Wander Mask ............................................................................... 57

Figure 2-5 Random Jitter Spectrum ............................................................................ 58

Figure 2-6 Graphical Representation of Receiver Pulse ............................................. 60

Figure 2-7 Transmit Pulse ........................................................................................... 61

Figure 2-8 Transmitter FIR Filter Function .................................................................. 61

Figure 2-9 Receiver Pulse Definition ........................................................................... 62

Figure 2-10 Crosstalk Pulse Definition .......................................................................... 63

Figure 2-11 Decision Feedback Equalizer..................................................................... 63

Figure 2-12 Feed Forward Filter.................................................................................... 64

Figure 2-13 Generation of Total and Relative Wander.................................................. 67

Figure 2-14 Jitter Probability Density Function.............................................................. 68

Figure 2-15 Example of Total Jitter PDF ....................................................................... 70

Figure 2-16 Example of Total Jitter CDF ....................................................................... 70

Figure 2-17 Bathtub Definition....................................................................................... 72

Figure 2-18 Example of Bounded Gaussian.................................................................. 73

Figure 2-19 Statistics of Pulse Response Cursor.......................................................... 74

Figure 2-20 Variation of the c0 sampling time ............................................................... 75

Figure 2-21 Varying the Receiver Sampling Point......................................................... 77

Figure 2-22 Generation of the Data Eye and Bathtub ................................................... 79

Figure 2-23 Statistical Eye............................................................................................. 80

Figure 2-24 Short Stress Pattern Random (SSPR) ....................................................... 81

Figure 2-25 Short Stress Pattern SDH 16 (SSPS-16) ................................................... 82

Figure 2-26 Short Stress Pattern SDH 64 (SSPS-64) ................................................... 83

Figure 2-27 BERT with Golden PLL .............................................................................. 91

Figure 2-28 Spectral Measurement Setup..................................................................... 93

Figure 2-29 Single Side Band Relative Power Spectrum for Phase Modulated Signal. 94

Figure 2-30 Transmit Wander Lab Setup ...................................................................... 95

Figure 2-31 Relative Wander Lab Setup ....................................................................... 96

Figure 2-32 Jitter Tolerance with Relative Wander Lab Setup ...................................... 97

Figure 2-33 Jitter Tolerance with no Relative Wander .................................................. 99

Figure 2-34 Jitter Tolerance with Defined ISI .............................................................. 100

Figure 2-35 Jitter Transfer Lab Setup.......................................................................... 101

Figure 2-36 S-parameter Port definitions .................................................................... 102

Figure 2-37 Eye Mask Measurement with Golden PLL ............................................... 104

Figure 2-38 Example Data Mask ................................................................................. 107

Figure 2-39 Example Data Mask ................................................................................. 108

Figure 2-40 Cumulative Distribution Function of Maximum Amplitude........................ 109

Figure 3-1 Driver and Input Differential Return Loss ................................................. 114

Figure 3-2 Termination Example ............................................................................... 115

Implementation Agreement OIF-CEI-03.0 Common Electrical I/O (CEI)

Optical Internetworking Forum - Clause 0 : Document Structure and Contents 19

Figure 3-3 Transmission Line as 2-port..................................................................... 117

Figure 3-4 PI Network Termination............................................................................ 118

Figure 3-5 Measurement of Zodd, Zeven .................................................................. 118

Figure 3-6 Minimisation of crosstalk at IC pins. ......................................................... 121

Figure 3-7 Minimisation of crosstalk at connector pins.............................................. 122

Figure 3-8 Minimisation of crosstalk over backplane................................................. 122

Figure 3-9 Equation based Channel Loss curves...................................................... 123

Figure 8-1 Jitter Ingress Receiver Input Telecom Sinusoidal Jitter ........................... 173

Figure 8-2 Jitter Egress Receiver Input Telecom Sinusoidal Jitter ............................ 174

Figure 8-3 Jitter Ingress Receiver Input Datacom Sinusoidal Jitter........................... 176

Figure 8-4 Reference Model...................................................................................... 181

Figure 10-1 CEI-28G-SR Reference Model................................................................. 204

Figure 10-2 CEI-28G-SR Normative Channel Insertion Loss at 28.05 Gsym/s........... 206

Figure 10-3 Illustration integrated crosstalk noise limits.............................................. 209

Figure 11-1 CEI-25G-LR Reference Model ................................................................. 220

Figure 11-2 CEI-25G-LR Normative Channel Insertion Loss at 25.80 Gsym/s. .......... 222

Figure 11-3 Illustration integrated crosstalk noise limits.............................................. 225

Figure 12-1 DDJ Measurement Method ...................................................................... 236

Implementation Agreement OIF-CEI-03.0 Common Electrical I/O (CEI)

20 Clause 0 : Document Structure and Contents - Optical Internetworking Forum

List of Tables

Table 1-1 Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 30

Table 1-2 General Definitions (with exception of Jitter and Wander) ......................... 32

Table 1-3 Jitter and Wander Definitions ..................................................................... 34

Table 1-4 Transmitter Electrical Output Specification ................................................ 38

Table 1-5 Transmitter Output Jitter Specification ...................................................... 38

Table 1-6 Receiver Electrical Input Specification ....................................................... 39

Table 1-7 Receiver Input Jitter Specification ............................................................. 40

Table 1-8 Receive Signal Summary........................................................................... 43

Table 1-9 Transmit Signal Summary.......................................................................... 43

Table 1-10 Example specification of reference clock ................................................... 43

Table 2-1 Use of CEI Test Patterns ........................................................................... 84

Table 3-1 Definition of load types............................................................................. 112

Table 3-2 Curve fit Coefficients ................................................................................ 123

Table 6-1 CEI-6G-SR Transmitter Output Electrical Specifications ......................... 139

Table 6-2 CEI-6G-SR Transmitter Output Jitter Specifications ................................ 140

Table 6-3 CEI-6G-SR Driver Return Loss Parameters ............................................ 141

Table 6-4 CEI-6G-SR Near-End (Tx) Template Intervals......................................... 142

Table 6-5 CEI-6G-SR Receiver Electrical Input Specifications ................................ 142

Table 6-6 CEI-6G-SR Receiver Input Jitter Tolerance Specifications...................... 143

Table 6-7 CEI-6G-SR Input Return Loss Parameters .............................................. 145

Table 6-8 CEI-6G-SR Far-End (Rx) Template Intervals........................................... 145

Table 6-9 CEI-6G-SR Informative Loss, Skew and Jitter Budget............................. 146

Table 6-10 CEI-6G-SR High Frequency Jitter Budget ............................................... 146

Table 7-1 CEI-6G-LR Receiver Equalization Output Eye Mask ............................... 153

Table 7-2 CEI-6G-LR Transmitter Output Electrical Specifications.......................... 154

Table 7-3 CEI-6G-LR Transmitter Output Jitter Specifications ................................ 154

Table 7-4 CEI-6G-LR Driver Return Loss Parameters............................................. 155

Table 7-5 CEI-6G-LR Near-End Template Intervals ................................................ 156

Table 7-6 CEI-6G-LR Training Pattern..................................................................... 157

Table 7-7 CEI-6G-LR Receiver Electrical Input Specifications ................................ 157

Table 7-8 CEI-6G-LR Input Return Loss Parameters .............................................. 159

Table 7-9 CEI-6G-LR Informative Loss, Skew and Jitter Budget ............................. 160

Table 7-10 CEI-6G-LR High Frequency Jitter Budget................................................ 160

Table 8-1 Transmitter Electrical Output Specification. ............................................. 168

Table 8-2 Transmitter Output Jitter Specification ..................................................... 168

Table 8-3 Driver Return Loss Parameters................................................................ 169

Table 8-4 Receiver Electrical Input Specification ..................................................... 170

Table 8-5 Receiver Input Jitter Specification ........................................................... 170

Table 8-6 Driver Return Loss Parameters................................................................ 171

Table 8-7 Telecom Signal Conditioner, Egress direction ......................................... 175

Table 8-8 Telecom Signal Conditioner, Ingress Direction ........................................ 175

Table 8-9 Telecom Egress Jitter Generation budget................................................ 175

Table 8-10 Telecom Egress Driver Jitter Generation ................................................. 176

Table 8-11 Datacom Signal Conditioner Egress direction.......................................... 177

Table 8-12 Datacom Signal Conditioner Ingress Direction ........................................ 177

Table 8-13 Datacom Signal Conditioner Ingress Direction ........................................ 177

Table 8-14 Informative Jitter Budget .......................................................................... 178

Table 9-1 CEI-11G-LR Receiver Equalization Output Eye Mask ............................. 186

Table 9-2 Transmitter Output Electrical Specifications ............................................ 187

Table 9-3 Transmitter Output Jitter Specifications ................................................... 187

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