Java教程：入门指南与实战示例

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"Java Tutorial" 是一份全面的Java学习指南，旨在帮助初学者快速理解和上手Java技术。教程首先定义了Java平台的基本概念，解释了它是一个包含一系列工具、库和规范的集成系统，用于开发和部署跨平台应用程序。它强调了Java的可移植性和面向对象编程（OOP）特性。章节内容分为几个部分： 1. Java平台介绍：讲解了Java平台的核心构成，包括Java Virtual Machine (JVM)、类库（Class Library）以及Java Development Kit (JDK)，这些都是开发人员进行Java程序设计的基础。 2. Java编程语言：详细介绍了Java语言的特点，如它的简单性、面向对象、自动内存管理（Garbage Collection）等，并且提到了它如何在不同平台上运行（如Windows, UNIX/Linux, MacOS）。 3. 编写和运行简单程序：给出了逐步的指导，教用户如何编译和运行简单的Java程序，以便理解程序的实际运作过程。 4. 代码剖析：通过查看两个示例程序的源代码，帮助读者更好地理解编程逻辑和结构。 5. 实践环节：包含问题和练习题，用于检验和提升学习者的理解和技能，以及提供下载链接，获取本章使用的代码。 6. 软件开发工具：推荐了专业的集成开发环境（IDE），如Eclipse和IntelliJ IDEA，对于希望进行专业开发的用户来说是必不可少的。 7. 入门步骤：针对Windows用户，提供了详细的入门流程和清单，确保用户能够顺利启动Java编程之旅。 8. 创建第一个应用：指导用户如何创建并运行他们的第一个Java应用程序，这是一个实际操作的学习环节。整个教程以循序渐进的方式，涵盖了Java技术的基础理论和实践操作，旨在使学习者对Java有深入的理解，并掌握基本的编程技巧。无论是初学者还是希望巩固基础的开发者，都能从中获益匪浅。

GETTING STARTED

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These instructions tell you how to compile and run your first programs on UNIX and Linux

platforms. (Win32 instructions are on page 8. Users on MacOS platforms can find instruc-

tions on page 24.) We start with a checklist of what you need to write your first program.

Next, we cover the steps to creating an application, steps to creating an applet, and explana-

tions of error messages you may encounter.

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To write your first program, you will need

The Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition:

The Java 2 SDK software is included on the CD

that accompanies this book. You can download this SDK to your workstation or check

http://java.sun.com/products/

for the latest version.

A text editor:

In this example, we’ll use Pico, an editor available on many UNIX-

based platforms. You can easily adapt these instructions if you use a different text edi-

tor, such as vi or emacs.

These two items are all you need to write your first program.

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Your first program,

HelloWorldApp

, will simply display the greeting “Hello World!” To cre-

ate this program, you will complete each of the following steps.

•

Create a source file.

A source file contains text, written in the Java programming lan-

guage, that you and other programmers can understand. You can use any text editor to

create and to edit source files.

•

Compile the source file into a bytecode file.

The compiler,

javac

, takes your source

file and translates the text into instructions that the Java Virtual Machine can under-

stand. The compiler converts these instructions into a bytecode file.

•

Run the program contained in the bytecode file.

The Java interpreter installed on

your computer implements the Java VM. This interpreter takes your bytecode file and

carries out the instructions by translating them into instructions that your computer can

understand.

The Linux platform was first supported in the Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition v. 1.3 release. Before version

1.2, the software development kit provided by Sun Microsystems was called the “JDK.”

GETTING STARTED

found

, Pico is probably unavailable. Consult your system administrator for more informa-

tion, or use another editor.

When you start Pico, it will display a new, blank buffer. This is the area in which you will

type your code.

Type the following code into the new buffer:

/**

* The HelloWorldApp class implements an application that

* displays "Hello World!" to the standard output.

public class HelloWorldApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Display "Hello World!"

System.out.println("Hello World!");

}

Be Careful When You Type: Type all code, commands, and file names exactly as shown. The

compiler and interpreter are case sensitive, so you must capitalize consistently. In other words,

HelloWorldApp is not equivalent to helloworldapp.

Save the code with the name

HelloWorldApp.java

by typing

Ctrl-O

in your Pico editor. On

the bottom line of your editor, you will see the prompt

File Name to write

. Enter

Hel-

loWorldApp.java

, preceded by the directory where you want to create the file. For example,

/home/myname/

is your home directory and you want to save

HelloWorldApp.java

in the

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