AV1标准解析：无版权视频压缩技术的崛起与超越HEVC

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本文主要聚焦于"JMI.2018.2821419.pdf"这篇论文，标题为"Broadcast Delivery with AV1: An Open Standard for Enhanced Video Compression Efficiency", 描述部分强调了该文配合AV1（Alliance for Open Media）的官方协议进行深入分析，重点介绍了AV1标准如何在高清动态范围和宽色域视频传输中提供超越H.265/HEVC（High Efficiency Video Coding）的高效压缩方案。首先，背景指出尽管网络带宽不断增长，但针对众多UHD（超高清）内容提供商，单播传输的成本依然高昂，特别是在需要高分辨率和宽色域（HDR-WCG）内容时。H.265/HEVC虽然提供了显著的30%左右的比特节省，但其采用面临专利权不明确的问题，这限制了其广泛应用。为了克服这些问题，AOM联盟在2015年启动了一项无专利费用的编码标准开发项目，目标是达到比HEVC更高的压缩效率。这一标准的起点是Google的VP10编码器，它已经扩展了libvpx编码库，引入了新的编码工具。VP10的代码库还吸收了其他开源编码器如Thor4和Daala的部分技术特性，这些编码器在版权方面更为清晰，有利于推动标准的广泛接受。文章详细探讨了新开发的AV1标准中的各种技术改进，包括但不限于编码算法的优化、帧结构设计、熵编码方法的提升，以及对高动态范围和宽色域内容处理的专门技术。这些技术革新使得AV1在提供更高质量视频的同时，能有效降低比特率，从而降低视频服务的成本。此外，文章可能还会涉及AV1在广播传输中的具体应用策略，比如多码流传输、适应不同网络条件的编码参数调整等，以及与业界标准的兼容性问题。总体来说，这篇论文为了解决当前视频流媒体领域的挑战，提供了关于AV1这一开放标准的重要见解和技术细节，对于视频编码技术的发展和互联网媒体服务的经济性有着深远影响。

44 SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal

June 2018

TECHNICAL PAPER

broadcast delivery. Despite the progressively increasing

broadband bandwidths to subscribers, the cost of uni-

cast delivery to the online media delivery service pro-

viders of a large array of titles in ultrahigh-definition

(UHD) high dynamic range–wide color gamut neces-

sitates higher video compression. While the H.265/

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard offers

an excess of 30% bit savings over the well-entrenched

H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC)

standard,

its adoption is mired in

unclear royalty payments to orga-

nizations with essential patents. In

September 2015, Alliance for Open

Media (AOM) embarked on develop-

ing a royalty-free standard achieves a

compression efficiency that far exceeds

that of H.265/HEVC.

The codebase

used as the starting point for develop-

ing the first version of the standard

was Google’s VP10 that had already

extended Google’s libvpx codec with

new coding tools.

Aspects from other

royalty-free codecs, such as Thor

and Daala,

were integrated into this

codebase. In addition, many new tools

have been experimentally integrated

into it. The tools are legally studied to

ensure that they are good candidates

for a royalty-free standard. As of April

2017, several of these tools that have

offered good compression gains without disproportion-

ate increase in decoding complexity have been enabled

by default, while the remaining experimental tools are

being refined. This paper presents an analysis of the

compression efficiency offered by the different tools in

the default set and in the experimental set. These are

compared against the popular open-source implementa-

tions of H.264, H.265, and VP9, namely, ×264, ×265,

and libvpx.

6–8

Though some comparison in this regard

has been done in Ref. 9, since newer tools have been

consolidated recently and conditions like intraperiod

are different, this analysis is expected to provide

different results.

Abstract

To achieve improved quality of service and efficiencies with

higher resolution, high dynamic range, and wide color gamut

in online media delivery, there is a need for advanced video

compression standards. Alliance for Open Media (AOM),

a joint development foundation, is targeting AOMedia

Video 1 (AV1) as a royalty-free video coding format that

is likely to be nalized before the end of 2017. Built on top

of Google’s VP9 codec, AV1 has brought

in new coding tools from other open source

royalty-free codecs. Multiple new royalty-

free coding tools have been contributed by

the members of AOM. In this paper, we

provide an analysis of the coding gains

offered by the default and experimental

tools in AV1 and the corresponding decod-

ing complexity increase for the over-the-

top adaptive bit-rate streaming delivery

use-cases. Also, the coding gains are com-

pared against the compression performance

of ×264, ×265, and libVP9 open-source

codecs to highlight the potential bit sav-

ings possible with AV1 using multiple

video quality metrics such as peak signal-

to-noise ratio, structure similarity, and

Netix’s Video Multi-Assessment Fusion

metric. These results indicate that AV1

offers competitive compression perfor-

mance over H.265 without signicantly

increasing the decoding complexity.

Keywords

Alliance for Open Media, compression efficiency, decoder

complexity, over-the-top video delivery, royalty-free, video

coding standards

Introduction

T

he ability to watch personalized content anytime

and anywhere at ever increasing resolution, frame

rate, and quality has resulted in online media

delivery gaining momentum over the traditional

Digital Object Identier 10.5594/JMI.2018.2821419

Date of publication: 1 June 2018

In this paper, we

provide an analysis

of the coding gains

offered by the

default and

experimental tools

in AV1 and the

corresponding

decoding

complexity

increase for the

over-the-top

adaptive bit-rate

streaming delivery

use-cases.

Analysis of the Emerging AOMedia AV1

Video Coding Format for OTT Use-Cases

By Sriram Sethuraman, Cherma Rajan, and Kaustubh Patankar

TECHNICAL PAPER

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