Windows操作系统内核深度探索：第5版

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"深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版，作者Mark E. Russinovich和David A. Solomon，与Alex Ionescu共同编写，涵盖了Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista的内容。本书由微软出版社出版，是深入理解Windows内核的重要参考资料。" 深入解析Windows操作系统.第5版是一本详尽的IT技术书籍，主要针对Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista操作系统进行了深度剖析。由业界知名专家Mark E. Russinovich、David A. Solomon以及Alex Ionescu共同撰写，他们都是Windows操作系统领域的权威人士。这本书不仅提供了对操作系统内部工作机制的全面介绍，还包含了大量实战经验和深入的技术细节。书中内容可能包括以下几个关键知识点： 1. **Windows内核结构**：详细阐述了Windows操作系统的内核架构，包括进程管理、线程调度、内存管理、设备驱动模型等核心组件的运作机制。 2. **系统调用与API**：解释了如何通过系统调用来实现应用程序与操作系统之间的交互，以及Windows API的工作原理和使用方法。 3. **安全性与权限管理**：深入探讨了Windows的安全模型，包括用户账户控制（UAC）、访问控制列表（ACL）、权限令牌等安全机制。 4. **网络与通信**：详细介绍了Windows操作系统的网络协议栈，如TCP/IP协议、套接字编程，以及Windows下的网络服务和通信机制。 5. **文件系统**：解析了NTFS文件系统的工作原理，包括文件的存储、元数据管理、权限设置和故障恢复。 6. **系统调试与分析**：讲解了如何使用调试工具，如WinDbg，进行系统级别的问题排查和性能优化。 7. **系统启动过程**：深入分析了Windows从开机自检到用户登录的整个启动流程，包括BIOS、MBR、Boot Manager、内核加载等环节。 8. **硬件驱动程序**：介绍了Windows如何管理和交互硬件设备，以及开发和调试驱动程序的基本步骤和技术。 9. **性能监控与优化**：提供了关于系统性能监控的工具和技巧，以及如何优化系统性能和资源利用率的方法。 10. **故障恢复与容错**：探讨了Windows的故障恢复技术，如系统还原点、卷影复制和系统崩溃后的故障分析。此书适合对Windows操作系统有深入研究需求的IT专业人士，包括系统管理员、软件开发者、网络安全专家和计算机科学的学生。通过阅读本书，读者可以深入了解Windows操作系统的工作原理，从而更好地理解和解决实际工作中的技术问题。

xvi Table of Contents

NTFS Recovery Support .............................................974

Design .......................................................975

Metadata Logging.............................................976

Recovery .....................................................981

NTFS Bad-Cluster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985

Self-Healing...................................................989

Encrypting File System Security.......................................990

Encrypting a File for the First Time...............................993

The Decryption Process ........................................998

Backing Up Encrypted Files .....................................999

Conclusion........................................................1000

12 Networking ..........................................1001

Windows Networking Architecture...................................1001

The OSI Reference Model......................................1001

Windows Networking Components.............................1003

Networking APIs...................................................1006

Windows Sockets.............................................1006

Winsock Kernel (WSK).........................................1012

Remote Procedure Call........................................1014

Web Access APIs..............................................1018

Named Pipes and Mailslots ....................................1021

NetBIOS.....................................................1027

Other Networking APIs........................................1030

Multiple Redirector Support.........................................1033

Multiple Provider Router ......................................1034

Multiple UNC Provider ........................................1037

Name Resolution ..................................................1039

Domain Name System.........................................1039

Windows Internet Name Service................................1039

Peer Name Resolution Protocol ................................1039

Location and Topology.............................................1042

Network Location Awareness (NLA).............................1042

Link-Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD)...........................1043

Protocol Drivers ...................................................1044

Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) ..............................1047

NDIS Drivers ......................................................1053

Variations on the NDIS Miniport................................1057

Connection-Oriented NDIS ....................................1057

Table of Contents xvii

Remote NDIS ................................................1060

QoS.........................................................1062

Binding...........................................................1064

Layered Network Services ..........................................1066

Remote Access ...............................................1066

Active Directory..............................................1066

Network Load Balancing ......................................1068

Distributed File System and DFS Replication......................1069

Conclusion........................................................1071

13 Startup and Shutdown.................................1073

Boot Process ......................................................1073

BIOS Preboot ................................................1073

The BIOS Boot Sector and Bootmgr.............................1077

The EFI Boot Process..........................................1086

Initializing the Kernel and Executive Subsystems..................1088

Smss, Csrss, and Wininit .......................................1094

ReadyBoot...................................................1099

Images That Start Automatically ................................1100

Troubleshooting Boot and Startup Problems ..........................1101

Last Known Good.............................................1101

Safe Mode...................................................1101

Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)........................1106

Solving Common Boot Problems ...............................1109

Shutdown.........................................................1115

Conclusion........................................................1118

14 Crash Dump Analysis ..................................1119

Why Does Windows Crash? .........................................1119

The Blue Screen ...................................................1120

Troubleshooting Crashes............................................1124

Crash Dump Files ..................................................1125

Crash Dump Generation .......................................1130

Windows Error Reporting...........................................1131

Online Crash Analysis ..............................................1133

Basic Crash Dump Analysis ..........................................1134

Notmyfault ..................................................1134

Basic Crash Dump Analysis.....................................1135

Verbose Analysis .............................................1137

xix

Foreword

It’s both a pleasure and an honor for me to write the foreword for this latest edition of

Windows Internals. Many signiﬁcant changes have occurred in Windows since the last edition

of the book, and David, Mark, and Alex have done an excellent job of updating the book to

address them. Whether you are new to Windows internals or an old hand at kernel develop-

ment, you will ﬁnd lots of detailed analysis and examples to help improve your understand-

ing of the core mechanisms of Windows as well as the general principles of operating system

design.

Today, Windows enjoys unprecedented breadth and depth in the computing world. Variants

of the original Windows NT design run on everything from Xbox game consoles to desktop

and laptop computers to clusters of servers with dozens of processors and petabytes of stor-

age. Advances such as hypervisors, 64-bit computing, multicore and many-core processor

designs, ﬂash-based storage, and wireless and peer-to-peer networking continue to provide

plenty of interesting and innovative areas for operating system design.

One such area of innovation is security. Over the past decade, the entire computing indus-

try—and Microsoft in particular—has been confronted with huge new threats, and security

has become the top issue facing many of our customers. Attacks such as Blaster and Sasser

threatened to bring the entire Internet to its knees, and Windows was at the eye of the hur-

ricane. It was obvious to us that we could no longer afford to do business as usual, as many

of the usability and simplicity features designed into Windows were being used to attack it

for nefarious reasons. At ﬁrst the hackers were teenagers trying to gain notoriety by breaking

into systems or adding grafﬁti to a corporate Web site, but pretty soon the attacks intensiﬁed

and went underground. The hackers became more sophisticated and evaded inspection. You

rarely see headlines about viruses and worms these days, but make no mistake—botnets and

identity theft are big business today, as are industrial and government espionage through

targeted attacks.

In January 2002, Bill Gates sent his now-famous “Trustworthy Computing” memorandum to

all Microsoft employees. It was a call to action that resonated well and charted the course

for how we would build software and conduct business over the coming years. Nearly the

entire Windows engineering team was diverted to work on Windows XP SP2, a service pack

dedicated almost entirely to improving the security of the operating system. The Security

Development Lifecycle (SDL) was developed and applied to all Microsoft products, with

particular emphasis on Windows Vista as the ﬁrst version of the operating system designed

from the ground up to be secure. SDL speciﬁes strict guidelines and processes for secure

software development. Sophisticated tools have been developed to scan everything from

source code to system binaries to network protocols for common security vulnerabilities.

Every time a new security vulnerability is discovered, it is analyzed, and mitigations are devel-

oped to address that potential attack vector. Windows Vista has now been in the market for

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