渗透测试指南：实战技巧与合规评估

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《CompTIA PenTest+ Study Guide》是一本针对CompTIA PenTest+考试（Exam PT0-001）的专业学习指南。这本书旨在帮助考生系统地理解和掌握渗透测试（Penetration Testing）的各个关键环节，确保他们具备必要的技能和知识来应对这项认证考试。以下是该书的主要内容概要： 1. 制定渗透计划与识别渗透范围：章节强调了在渗透测试中前期规划的重要性。通过制定详尽的计划，考生要学会如何根据合规性和业务需求确定测试目标，识别网络的关键领域，以便在测试过程中优先考虑和控制风险。 2. 信息收集与脆弱性识别：这部分深入讲解了如何有效地搜集目标系统的公开信息，包括网络拓扑、服务列表和开放端口等。接着，介绍如何执行漏洞扫描技术，如Nessus或OpenVAS，来识别系统中存在的安全漏洞，并对扫描结果进行分析，以便为后续攻击准备。 3. 攻击与利用：本书会指导读者如何利用网络、无线、应用和基于RF的漏洞进行模拟攻击，展示实际操作中的攻击手段。同时，还涵盖物理安全的考量，如防范未经授权的物理访问，以及在此基础上提出相应的防护措施。 4. 渗透测试工具的使用：这一部分着重于实操训练，通过实例演示如何熟练运用Bash、Python、Ruby和PowerShell等编程语言，进行信息收集和自动化脚本编写。考生将通过这些工具提升自己的信息分析能力和基础编程技巧。 5. 报告与沟通：最后，本书关注的是测试结束后的重要环节——撰写渗透测试报告。考生需学会如何清晰、准确地呈现发现的漏洞，提供修复建议，并遵循行业最佳实践，确保报告的专业性和合规性。《CompTIA PenTest+ Study Guide》为准备参加PenTest+考试的学习者提供了全面而实用的知识体系，涵盖了从计划到执行，再到结果报告的全过程，帮助考生充分理解渗透测试的工作流程，提升其在真实环境中的渗透测试技能。

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Contents

xxi

Lab Exercises 314

Activity 9.1: Application Security Testing Techniques 314

Activity 9.2: Using the ZAP Proxy 314

Activity 9.3: Creating a Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability 315

Review Questions 316

Chapter

10 Exploiting Host Vulnerabilities 321

Attacking Hosts 325

Linux 325

Windows 331

Cross-Platform Exploits 338

Remote Access 340

SSH 340

NETCAT and Ncat 341

Proxies and Proxychains 341

Metasploit and Remote Access 342

Attacking Virtual Machines and Containers 342

Virtual Machine Attacks 343

Container Attacks 344

Physical Device Security 345

Cold-Boot Attacks 345

Serial Consoles 345

JTAG Debug Pins and Ports 346

Attacking Mobile Devices 347

Credential Attacks 348

Credential Acquisition 348

Offline Password Cracking 349

Credential Testing and Brute-Forcing Tools 350

Wordlists and Dictionaries 351

Summary 352

Exam Essentials 353

Lab Exercises 354

Activity 10.1: Dumping and Cracking the Windows SAM

and Other Credentials 354

Activity 10.2: Cracking Passwords Using Hashcat 355

Activity 10.3: Setting Up a Reverse Shell

and a Bind Shell 356

Review Questions 358

Chapter

11 Scripting for Penetration Testing 363

Scripting and Penetration Testing 364

Bash 365

PowerShell 366

Introduction

The CompTIA PenTest+ Study Guide: Exam PT0-001 provides accessible explanations

and real-world knowledge about the exam objectives that make up the PenTest+ certica-

tion. This book will help you to assess your knowledge before taking the exam, as well as

provide a stepping stone to further learning in areas where you may want to expand your

skill set or expertise.

Before you tackle the PenTest+ exam, you should already be a security practitioner.

CompTIA suggests that test-takers should have intermediate-level skills based on their

cybersecurity pathway. You should also be familiar with at least some of the tools and tech-

niques described in this book. You don’t need to know every tool, but understanding how

to use existing experience to approach a new scenario, tool, or technology that you may not

know is critical to passing the PenTest+ exam.

CompTIA

CompTIA is a nonprot trade organization that offers certication in a variety of IT areas,

ranging from the skills that a PC support technician needs, which are covered in the A+

exam, to advanced certications like the CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner, or

CASP, certication. CompTIA divides its exams into three categories based on the skill

level required for the exam and what topics it covers, as shown in the following table:

Beginner/Novice Intermediate Advanced

IT Fundamentals

A+

Network+

Security+

CySA+

PenTest+

CASP

CompTIA recommends that practitioners follow a cybersecurity career path that begins

with the IT fundamentals and A+ exam and proceeds to include the Network+ and Security+

credentials to complete the foundation. From there, cybersecurity professionals may choose

the PenTest+ and/or Cybersecurity Analyst+ (CySA+) certications before attempting the

CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) certication as a capstone credential.

The CySA+ and PenTest+ exams are more advanced exams, intended for professionals

with hands-on experience who also possess the knowledge covered by the prior exams.

CompTIA certications are ISO and ANSI accredited, and they are used throughout

multiple industries as a measure of technical skill and knowledge. In addition, CompTIA

certications, including the Security+ and the CASP, have been approved by the U.S. gov-

ernment as Information Assurance baseline certications and are included in the State

Department’s Skills Incentive Program.

xxvi

Introduction

The PenTest+ Exam

The PenTest+ exam is designed to be a vendor-neutral certication for penetration testers. It

is designed to assess current penetration testing, vulnerability assessment, and vulnerability

management skills with a focus on network resiliency testing. Successful test-takers will

prove their ability plan and scope assessments, handle legal and compliance requirements,

and perform vulnerability scanning and penetration testing activities using a variety of

tools and techniques, and then analyze the results of those activities.

It covers ve major domains:

1. Planning and Scoping

2. Information Gathering and Vulnerability Identification

3. Attacks and Exploits

4. Penetration Testing Tools

5. Reporting and Communication

These ve areas include a range of subtopics, from scoping penetration tests to perform-

ing host enumeration and exploits, while focusing heavily on scenario-based learning.

The PenTest+ exam ts between the entry-level Security+ exam and the CompTIA

Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) certication, providing a mid-career certication

for those who are seeking the next step in their certication and career path while special-

izing in penetration testing or vulnerability management.

The PenTest+ exam is conducted in a format that CompTIA calls “performance-based

assessment.” This means that the exam uses hands-on simulations using actual security

tools and scenarios to perform tasks that match those found in the daily work of a security

practitioner. There may be multiple types of exam questions, such as multiple-choice, ll-

in-the-blank, multiple-response, drag-and-drop, and image-based problems.

CompTIA recommends that test-takers have three or four years of information security–

related experience before taking this exam and that they have taken the Security+ exam or

have equivalent experience, including technical, hands-on expertise. The exam costs $346

in the United States, with roughly equivalent prices in other locations around the globe.

More details about the PenTest+ exam and how to take it can be found at

https://certification.comptia.org/certifications/pentest

Study and Exam Preparation Tips

A test preparation book like this cannot teach you every possible security software pack-

age, scenario, and specic technology that may appear on the exam. Instead, you should

focus on whether you are familiar with the type or category of technology, tool, process, or

scenario presented as you read the book. If you identify a gap, you may want to nd addi-

tional tools to help you learn more about those topics.

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