Tika实战揭秘：信息技术探索

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《Tika in Action》是一本由Chris A. Mattmann和Jukka L. Zitting合著的专业IT技术书籍，该书深入剖析了Tika库的实用应用。Tika是一个开源的Java库，主要用于解析和提取各种格式的文档内容，包括Office文档、PDF、图像和其他非结构化文件，它在数据提取、内容管理和文本分析等领域具有广泛的应用价值。本书的封面标注为"In Action"系列，表明它属于一种实践导向的教程，旨在通过实例演示和实战项目，帮助读者掌握Tika的核心功能和技术细节。对于那些希望深入了解如何利用Tika处理和处理大量文档数据，或者寻求提高文档处理效率的开发者和IT专业人士来说，这本书无疑是一个宝贵的参考资料。 Foreword by Jérôme Charboneron可能为读者提供了对Tika库背景及作者理念的洞察，介绍了作者们的专业背景以及他们为何选择将Tika作为主题进行讲解。此外，书中还包含关于版权和授权的声明，强调了未经许可复制或传播内容的重要性，体现了对知识产权的尊重。书中内容涵盖了Tika的基础概念，如安装和配置、API的使用方法，以及如何通过Tika进行文本解析、元数据提取、格式转换等核心操作。此外，还会涉及如何将Tika与其他工具和框架集成，以实现更复杂的数据处理流程。为了方便读者学习，书中的章节可能会配有详细的代码示例和逐步指导，使读者能够通过实践快速上手。对于想要购买或获取更多信息的读者，Manning Publications Co. 提供了在线购买链接和折扣信息，并提供了联系Special Sales Department的方式，以便批量订购或获取更多关于出版物的优惠和服务。出版社还强调了保护知识产权的立场，提醒读者尊重版权法律。《Tika in Action》是一本实用且全面的指南，适合希望通过Tika提升文档处理能力的IT专业人士，无论是初学者还是进阶用户都能从中获益匪浅。通过阅读这本书，读者可以掌握这一强大的工具，加速他们的工作流程并解决实际项目中的文档处理问题。

foreword

I’m a big fan of search engines and Java, so early in the year 2004 I was looking for a

good Java-based open source project on search engines. I quickly discovered Nutch.

Nutch is an open source search engine project from the Apache Software Foundation.

It was initiated by Doug Cutting, the well-known father of Lucene.

With my new toy on my laptop, I tested and tried to evaluate it. Even if Nutch was

in its early stages, it was a promising project—exactly what I was looking for. I pro-

posed my first patches to Nutch relating to language identification in early 2005.

Then, in the middle of 2005 I become a Nutch committer and increased my number

of contributions relating to language identification, content-type guessing, and docu-

ment analysis. Looking more deeply at Lucene, I discovered a wide set of projects

around it: Nutch, Solr, and what would eventually become Mahout. Lucene provides

its own analysis tools, as do Nutch and Solr, and each one employs some “proprietary”

interfaces to deal with analysis engines.

So I consulted with Chris Mattmann, another Nutch committer with whom I had

worked, about the potential for refactoring all these disparate tools in a common and

standardized project. The concept of Tika was born.

Chris began to advocate for Tika as a standalone project in 2006. Then Jukka

Zitting came into the picture and took the lead on the Tika project; after a lot of refac-

toring and enhancements, Tika became a Lucene top-level project.

At that point in time, Tika was being used in Nutch, Droids (an Incubator project

that you’ll hear about in chapter 10), and many non-Lucene projects—the activity on

Tika mailing lists was indicative of this. The next promising steps for the project

involved plugging Tika into top-level Lucene projects, such as Lucene itself or Solr.

FOREWORDxvi

That amounted to a big challenge, as it required Tika to provide a flexible and robust

set of interfaces that could be used in any programming context where metadata anal-

ysis was needed.

Luckily, Tika got there. With this book, written by Tika’s two main creators and

maintainers, Chris and Jukka, you’ll understand the problems of document analysis

and document information extraction. They first explain to the reader why develop-

ers have such a need for Tika. Today, content handling and analysis are basic building

blocks of all major modern services: search engines, content management systems,

data mining, and other areas.

If you’re a software developer, you’ve no doubt needed, on many occasions, to

guess the encoding, formatting, and language of a file, and then to extract its meta-

data (title, author, and so on) and content. And you’ve probably noticed that this is a

pain. That’s what Tika does for you. It provides a robust toolkit to easily handle any data

format and to simplify this painful process.

Chris and Jukka explain many details and examples of the Tika API and toolkit,

including the Tika command-line interface and its graphical user interface (GUI) that

you can use to extract information about any type of file handled by Tika. They show

how you can use the Tika Application Programming Interface (API) to integrate Tika

commodities directly with your own projects. You’ll discover that Tika is both simple

to use and powerful. Tika has been carefully designed by Chris and Jukka and, despite

the internal complexity of this type of library, Tika’s API and tools are simple and easy

to understand and to use.

Finally, Chris and Jukka show many real-life uses cases of Tika. The most noticeable

real-life projects are Tika powering the NASA Science Data Systems, Tika curating can-

cer research data at the National Cancer Institute’s Early Detection Research Net-

work, and the use of Tika for content management within the Apache Jackrabbit

project. Tika is already used in many projects.

I’m proud to have helped launch Tika. And I’m extremely grateful to Chris and

Jukka for bringing Tika to this level and knowing that the long nights I spent writing

code for automatic language identification for the MIME type repository weren’t in

vain. To now make (even) a small contribution, for example, to assist in research in

the fight against cancer, goes straight to my heart.

Thank you both for all your work, and thank you for this book.

JÉRÔME CHARRON

CHIEF TECHNICAL OFFICER

WEBPULSE

PREFACExviii

It wasn’t as simple as we thought. After getting little interest from the broader

Lucene community (Nutch was a Lucene subproject and thus the project we were pro-

posing had to go through the Lucene PMC), and with Jérôme and I both taking on

further responsibility that took time away from direct Nutch development, what would

eventually be known as Tika began to fizzle away.

That’s where the other author of this book comes in. Jukka Zitting, bless him, was

keenly interested in a technology, separate from the behemoth Nutch codebase, that

would perform the types of things that we had carved off as Tika core capabilities:

parsing, text extraction, metadata extraction, MIME detection, and more. Jukka was a

seasoned Apache veteran, so he knew what to do. Jukka became a real leader of the

original Tika proposal, took it to the Apache Incubator, and helped turn Tika into a

real Apache project.

After working with Jukka for a year or so in the Incubator community, we took our

show on the road back to Lucene as a subproject when Tika graduated. Over a period

of two years, we made seven Tika releases, infected several popular Apache projects

(including Lucene, Solr, Nutch, and Jackrabbit), and gained enough critical mass to

grow into a full-fledged Apache Top Level Project (TLP).

But we weren’t done there. I don’t remember the exact time during the Christmas

season in 2009 when I decided it was time to write a book, but it matters little. When I

get an idea in my head, it’s hard to get it out. This book was happening. Tika in Action

was happening. I approached Jukka and asked him how he felt. In characteristic fash-

ion, he was up for the challenge.

We sure didn’t know what we were getting ourselves into! We didn’t know that the

rabbit hole went this deep. That said, I can safely say I don’t think we could’ve taken

any other path that would’ve been as fulfilling, exciting, and rewarding. We really put

our hearts and souls into creating this book. We sincerely hope you enjoy it. I think I

speak for both of us in saying, I know we did!

CHRIS MATTMANN

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