PMBOK指南：项目管理精华解读

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"PMBOK (项目管理知识体系指南)是Project Management Institute (PMI) 发布的一本经典项目管理教程，涵盖了项目管理的核心领域，包括时间管理、范围管理、成本管理、人力资源管理以及风险管理等。该指南的第五版ISBN为978-1-935589-67-9，由PMI于2013年出版。" PMBOK (项目管理知识体系指南)是全球项目管理领域的权威参考文献，它定义了项目管理的专业标准和最佳实践。PMP（项目管理专业认证）是基于PMBOK指南的知识体系进行的一项专业认证考试，旨在验证个人在项目管理方面的知识和技能。 1. **时间管理**：这部分内容主要关注如何有效地规划、估算、调度和控制项目的进度。关键知识点包括活动定义、活动排序、活动持续时间估算、进度计划制定和进度控制。例如，使用甘特图进行任务排列和追踪，以及运用关键路径法(CPM)来确定项目的关键路径和可能的风险点。 2. **范围管理**：涉及项目的范围规划、范围定义、范围核实以及范围变更控制。这确保项目的工作内容得到明确，并在整个项目生命周期中保持一致。例如，通过创建工作分解结构(WBS)将项目分解成可管理的组件，并使用变更控制系统来处理任何未预见的需求更改。 3. **成本管理**：包括成本估算、成本预算和成本控制，以确保项目在财务上可控。成本估算涉及对项目所需资源的货币价值预测，成本预算则将这些估计值整合到一个全面的预算中，而成本控制则监控和调整实际成本与预算的差异。 4. **人力资源管理**：涵盖团队组建、培训、绩效评估以及冲突解决等，以提高团队效率和生产力。人力资源计划、获取团队成员、建设团队、指导和管理团队以及释放团队等过程是这一领域的核心。 5. **风险管理**：强调识别潜在风险、评估其影响和可能性、制定应对策略以及监控风险。风险管理过程包括风险识别、风险分析、风险应对规划、风险监控和控制，帮助项目经理减少不确定性对项目目标的威胁。此外，PMBOK还涉及沟通管理、采购管理、质量管理、整合管理和利益相关者管理等多个领域，它们共同构成了项目管理的全面框架。通过学习和应用PMBOK指南中的原则和实践，项目经理可以更高效地管理项目，提高项目成功率。

XII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 4-2. Develop Project Charter: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs .............................66

Figure 4-3. Develop Project Charter Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................67

Figure 4-4. Develop Project Charter: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................. 72

Figure 4-5. Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram ..................................................73

Figure 4-6. Direct and Manage Project Work: Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs ............... 79

Figure 4-7. Direct and Manage Project Work: Data Flow Diagram .....................................................80

Figure 4-8. Monitor and Control Project Work: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................. 86

Figure 4-9. Monitor and Control Project Work Data Flow Diagram ....................................................87

Figure 4-10. Perform Integrated Change Control: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..............94

Figure 4-11. Perform Integrated Change Control Data Flow Diagram..................................................95

Figure 4-12. Close Project or Phase: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................. 100

Figure 4-13. Close Project or Phase Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................101

Figure 5-1. Project Scope Management Overview ............................................................................106

Figure 5-2. Plan Scope Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................107

Figure 5-3. Plan Scope Management Data Flow Diagram ................................................................107

Figure 5-4. Collect Requirements: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................111

Figure 5-5. Collect Requirements Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................111

Figure 5-6. Example of a Requirements Traceability Matrix .............................................................119

Figure 5-7. Define Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................120

Figure 5-8. Define Scope Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................120

Figure 5-9. Create WBS: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................................125

Figure 5-10. Create WBS Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................... 126

Licensed To: na Yang PMI MemberID: 2052831

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIII

Guide) – Fifth Edition

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 5-11. Sample WBS Decomposed Down Through Work Packages ........................................... 129

Figure 5-12. Sample WBS Organized by Phase ...................................................................................130

Figure 5-13. Sample WBS with Major Deliverables .............................................................................130

Figure 5-14. Validate Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................133

Figure 5-15. Validate Scope Data Flow Diagram .................................................................................133

Figure 5-16. Control Scope: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................................... 136

Figure 5-17. Control Scope Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................................137

Figure 6-1. Project Time Management Overview ..............................................................................143

Figure 6-2. Scheduling Overview .......................................................................................................144

Figure 6-3. Plan Schedule Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 145

Figure 6-4. Plan Schedule Management Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................145

Figure 6-5. Define Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........................................149

Figure 6-6. Define Activities Data Flow Diagram ..............................................................................150

Figure 6-7. Sequence Activities: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .....................................153

Figure 6-8. Sequence Activities Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................... 154

Figure 6-9. Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) Relationship Types ......................................157

Figure 6-10. Examples of Lead and Lag ..............................................................................................158

Figure 6-11. Project Schedule Network Diagram ................................................................................160

Figure 6-12. Estimate Activity Resources: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................ 161

Figure 6-13. Estimate Activity Resources Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................161

Figure 6-14. Estimate Activity Durations: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .........................166

Figure 6-15. Estimate Activity Durations Data Flow Diagram ............................................................166

Licensed To: na Yang PMI MemberID: 2052831

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XIV

Guide) – Fifth Edition

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 6-16 Develop Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................173

Figure 6-17. Develop Schedule Data Flow Diagram ............................................................................ 173

Figure 6-18. Example of Critical Path Method ..................................................................................... 177

Figure 6-19. Example of Critical Chain Method ................................................................................... 178

Figure 6-20. Resource Leveling ...........................................................................................................179

Figure 6-21. Project Schedule Presentations —Examples .................................................................183

Figure 6-22. Control Schedule: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................................... 185

Figure 6-23. Control Schedule Data Flow Diagram .............................................................................186

Figure 7-1. Project Cost Management Overview ............................................................................... 194

Figure 7-2. Plan Cost Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 195

Figure 7-3. Plan Cost Management: Data Flow Diagram ..................................................................196

Figure 7-4. Estimate Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................200

Figure 7-5. Estimate Costs Data Flow Diagram.................................................................................201

Figure 7-6. Determine Budget: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ........................................208

Figure 7-7. Determine Budget Data Flow Diagram ...........................................................................209

Figure 7-8. Project Budget Components ............................................................................................ 213

Figure 7-9. Cost Baseline, Expenditures, and Funding Requirements .............................................214

Figure 7-10. Control Costs: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................................ 215

Figure 7-11. Control Costs Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................215

Figure 7-12. Earned Value, Planned Value, and Actual Costs .............................................................219

Figure 7-13. To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI) ..........................................................................222

Licensed To: na Yang PMI MemberID: 2052831

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

Guide) – Fifth Edition

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 8-1. Project Quality Management Overview ...........................................................................230

Figure 8-2. Fundamental Relationships of Quality Assurance and Control Quality to the IPECC,

PDCA, Cost of Quality Models and Project Management Process Groups.....................231

Figure 8-3. Plan Quality Management Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................232

Figure 8-4. Plan Quality Management Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................232

Figure 8-5. Cost of Quality .................................................................................................................. 235

Figure 8-6. The SIPOC Model ..............................................................................................................237

Figure 8-7. Storyboard Illustrating a Conceptual Example of Each of the Seven

Basic Quality Tools ..........................................................................................................239

Figure 8-8. Perform Quality Assurance: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .......................... 243

Figure 8-9. Perform Quality Assurance Data Flow Diagram .............................................................243

Figure 8-10. Storyboard Illustrating the Seven Quality Management and Control Tools ..................246

Figure 8-11. Control Quality: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................................249

Figure 8-12. Control Quality Data Flow Diagram ................................................................................. 249

Figure 9-1. Project Human Resource Management Overview ..........................................................257

Figure 9-2. Plan Human Resource Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........258

Figure 9-3. Plan Human Resource Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................258

Figure 9-4. Roles and Responsibility Definition Formats ..................................................................261

Figure 9-5. RACI Matrix ......................................................................................................................262

Figure 9-6. Illustrative Resource Histogram......................................................................................266

Figure 9-7. Acquire Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................... 267

Figure 9-8. Acquire Project Team Data Flow Diagram ......................................................................268

Licensed To: na Yang PMI MemberID: 2052831

This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

XVI

Guide) – Fifth Edition

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 9-9. Develop Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................273

Figure 9-10. Develop Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................273

Figure 9-11. Manage Project Team: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ..................................279

Figure 9-12. Manage Project Team Data Flow Diagram .....................................................................280

Figure 10-1. Project Communications Management Overview ..........................................................288

Figure 10-2. Plan Communications Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...........289

Figure 10-3. Plan Communications Management Data Flow Diagram ..............................................289

Figure 10-4. Basic Communication Model ..........................................................................................294

Figure 10-5. Manage Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............................ 297

Figure 10-6. Manage Communications Data Flow Diagram ...............................................................298

Figure 10-7. Control Communications: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs .............................303

Figure 10-8. Control Communications Data Flow Diagram ................................................................304

Figure 11-1. Project Risk Management Overview ...............................................................................312

Figure 11-2. Plan Risk Management: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ................................ 313

Figure 11-3. Plan Risk Management Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................313

Figure 11-4. Example of a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)..............................................................317

Figure 11-5. Identify Risks: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ...............................................319

Figure 11-6. Identify Risks Data Flow Diagram...................................................................................320

Figure 11-7. Influence Diagram ...........................................................................................................326

Figure 11-8. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis: Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs ............... 328

Figure 11-9. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Data Flow Diagram ..................................................328

Figure 11-10. Probability and Impact Matrix.........................................................................................331

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This copy is a PMI Member benefit, not for distribution, sale, or reproduction.

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