Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA 11g Release 2 用户指南

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"Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User’s Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) - E12014-03" Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA是Oracle公司提供的一种中间件，它允许Oracle数据库与远程的IBM DB2、AS/400系统或其他支持DRDA（ Distributed Relational Database Architecture）协议的数据库系统进行通信。这个用户指南详细介绍了在11g Release 2版本中的使用方法和配置步骤。 1. **DRDA协议**：DRDA是一种行业标准协议，用于在不同的数据库管理系统之间提供分布式数据库功能。它定义了如何通过网络进行数据查询、更新和其他数据库操作。 2. **Oracle Database Gateway的角色**：作为网关，Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA充当了Oracle数据库服务器与非Oracle数据库之间的桥梁，使得在Oracle环境中可以透明地访问和管理远程DRDA兼容的数据库。 3. **安装与配置**：用户需要了解如何安装和配置Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA，包括设置环境变量、创建数据库链接、配置网络服务名等，以确保能够成功连接到远程DRDA数据库。 4. **安全性和权限管理**：文档会涵盖如何设置安全选项，如身份验证机制、网络加密以及用户权限管理，确保数据传输的安全性。 5. **SQL语句转换**：由于不同的数据库系统可能使用不同的SQL语法，网关需要处理SQL语句的转换，以适应Oracle和DRDA数据库间的差异。 6. **性能优化**：优化是使用Oracle Database Gateway的关键，包括调整参数设置、网络带宽管理和缓存策略，以提高数据传输速度和整体性能。 7. **故障排查**：用户指南还会包含故障排查技巧和常见问题解答，帮助用户解决连接问题、性能问题或数据不一致问题。 8. **许可证和法律条款**：软件的使用受到特定的许可证协议限制，用户必须遵守这些条款，包括但不限于禁止未经授权的复制、修改和分发。 9. **技术支持**：如果遇到任何错误或问题，用户被鼓励以书面形式向Oracle报告，以便得到官方的技术支持和帮助。 10. **与美国政府的交互**：对于交付给美国政府的软件或相关文档，可能有特定的使用、复制和披露限制，这些需要遵循美国政府合同的规定。 Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA的用户指南提供了全面的指导，涵盖了从初始设置到日常维护的各个方面，旨在帮助IT专业人员顺利集成和管理Oracle与DRDA环境的互操作性。

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Gateway Capabilities

1-6 Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User's Guide

Two-Phase Commit and Multi-Site Transactions

The gateway can participate as a partner in multi-site transactions and two-phase

commit. How this occurs depends on the capabilities of the underlying data source,

meaning that the gateway can be implemented as any one of the following:

■ Full two-phase commit partner

■ Commit point site

■ Single-site update partner

■ Read-only partner

The deciding factors for the implementation of the gateway are the locking and

transaction-handling capabilities of your target database.

Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA by default is configured as a commit point site,

that is, commit confirm protocol. Optionally, you can configure the gateway as

read-only if you choose to enforce read-only capability through the gateway. Other

protocols are not supported.

Site Autonomy

All Oracle database products, including gateways, supply site autonomy. For example,

administration of a data source remains the responsibility of the original system

administrator. Site autonomy also functions such that gateway products do not

override the security measures established by the data source or operating

environment.

Migration and Coexistence

The integration of a data source through the gateway does not require any changes to

be made to applications at the data source. The result is that the Oracle database

technology is non-intrusive, providing coexistence and an easy migration path.

Security

The gateway does not bypass existing security mechanisms. Gateway security coexists

with the security mechanisms already used in the operating environment of the data

source.

Functionally, gateway security is identical to that of an Oracle database, as described

in the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide. Oracle database security is mapped to the

data dictionary of the data source.

DRDA UDB Server Encryption support

This release of Gateway for DRDA provides complete UDB server Encryption support.

Refer to the following new parameters for various options:

■ HS_FDS_AUTHENTICATE_METHOD

■ HS_FDS_ENCRYPT_SESSION

■ HS_FDS_TRUSTSTORE_FILE

■ HS_FDS_TRUSTSTORE_PASSWORD

Architecture

Introduction 1-7

Terms

The terms used in this guide do not necessarily conform to the IBM terminology. The

following list presents several terms and their meanings as used within this guide:

DRDA data is, generically, any database data accessed through DRDA.

DRDA database is the collection of data that belongs to a DRDA server

DRDA server is a database server that can be accessed through DRDA. IBM

terminology for a DRDA server is a DRDA Application Server, or AS.

DRDA server type is a specific database product or program that can act as a DRDA

server.

Oracle database is any Oracle Database 11g instance that communicates with the

Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA to distribute database access operations to a

DRDA server. The Oracle database can also be used for non-gateway applications.

DB2 Universal Database is a generic name for all implementations of IBM's DB2

Database product. DB2/UDB is frequently used as an abbreviation for the DB2

Universal Database for Unix, Linux, and Windows product.

Architecture

The Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA works with the Oracle database to shield

most of the differences of the non-Oracle database from Oracle applications.

The architecture consists of the following main components:

■ Client

The client is an Oracle application or tool.

■ Oracle database

The gateway instance is accessed by an Oracle database with procedural and

distributed options. Usually, the Oracle database is installed on the same host as

the gateway, but this is not a requirement. The Oracle database and the gateway

communicate in the normal Oracle database-to-server manner.

If the Oracle database is not on the host where the gateway resides, then you must

install the correct Oracle networking software on the platform where the server

resides. For Oracle database, you must install Oracle Net on the Oracle database

machine.

■ Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA

The gateway must be installed on hosts that are running the appropriate operating

system.

If the Oracle database is not on the same host, then you must also install Oracle

Net so that the gateway and Oracle database can communicate.

■ DRDA server

The DRDA server must be on a system accessible to the host via a network.

Multiple Oracle databases can access the same gateway.

Figure 1–1 illustrates the gateway architecture.

Features

Introduction 1-9

owner.table_name@dblink_name

If you create synonyms or views in the Oracle database, then you can refer to tables on

the DRDA server by using simple names as though the table were local to the Oracle

database.

When the Oracle database encounters a reference to a table that is on the DRDA

server, the applicable portion of the SQL statement is sent to the gateway for

processing. Any host variables that are associated with the SQL statement are bound

to the gateway and, therefore, to the DRDA server.

The gateway is responsible for sending these SQL statements to the DRDA server for

execution and for fielding and returning responses. The responses are either data or

messages. Any conversions between Oracle data types and DRDA data types are

performed by the gateway. Both the Oracle database and the application read and

process only Oracle data types.

SQL Differences

Not all SQL implementations are the same. The Oracle database supports a larger set

of built-in functions than the databases that are currently accessed through the

gateway. The Oracle database and the gateway work together to convert SQL to a form

that is compatible with the specific DRDA server.

During this conversion, an Oracle database function can be converted to a function

that is recognizable to the specific DRDA server. For example, the Oracle database NVL

function is converted to the DB2 VALUE function.

Alternatively, the Oracle database withholds functions that are not executable by the

DRDA server and performs them after rows are fetched from the DRDA database.

This processing only applies to SELECT statements. The Oracle database and the

gateway cannot perform this kind of manipulation on UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE

statements because doing so changes transaction semantics.

Oracle Tools and the Gateway

Use the Oracle Database Gateway to run applications, such as Oracle database tools,

that read and write data that is stored in DRDA databases.

While the Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA provides no new application or

development facilities, it extends the reach of existing Oracle database tools to include

data in non-Oracle databases that support DRDA.

Using the Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA with other Oracle products can greatly

extend the capabilities of the stand-alone gateway.

SQL*Plus

Use SQL*Plus and the Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA to create a distributed

database system, providing an easy-to-use transfer facility for moving data between

the distributed databases. One possible use is to distribute the data in your corporate

Oracle database to departmental DRDA databases. You can also distribute data in

your corporate DRDA database to departmental Oracle databases.

Features

Following is a list of important features that characterize Oracle Database Gateway for

DRDA. The features are:

Features

1-10 Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User's Guide

■ Heterogeneous Services Architecture

■ Performance Enhancements

■ Fetch Reblocking

■ Oracle Database Passthrough Supported

■ Retrieving Result Sets Through Passthrough

■ Support for TCP/IP

■ Native Semantics

■ Columns Supported in a Result Set

■ EXPLAIN_PLAN Improvement

■ Heterogeneous Database Integration

■ Minimum Impact on Existing Systems

■ Application Portability

■ Remote Data Access

■ Support for Distributed Applications

■ Application Development and End User Tools

■ Password Encryption Utility

■ Support for DB2 UDB for z/OS Stored Procedures

■ IBM DB2 Universal Database Support

■ DB2 z/OS ASCII and UNICODE Table Support

■ Read-Only Support

■ Support for Graphic and Multi-byte Data

■ Support for DB2 Universal Database on Intel Hardware

■ Data Dictionary Support for DB2 Universal Database

Heterogeneous Services Architecture

The 11.2 release of the Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA utilizes the Oracle

Heterogeneous Services component within the Oracle database. Heterogeneous

Services is the building block for the next generation of Oracle database gateways.

For detailed information about heterogeneous services, refer to Oracle Database

Heterogeneous Connectivity User's Guide.

Performance Enhancements

Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA contains several internal performance

enhancements. This product has shown major improvements in response time and

CPU utilization for all relevant address spaces for a variety of workloads compared to

version 10 gateways. The actual performance improvement at your site might vary,

depending on your installation type and workload.

Fetch Reblocking

The array size of the application for SELECT is effective between the application and

the Oracle database. However, the array blocksize and the block fetch between the

Oracle database and the gateway are controlled by two Heterogeneous Services

initialization parameters: HS_RPC_FETCH_SIZE and HS_RPC_FETCH_REBLOCKING.

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