模块化镜头设计：紧凑型数码相机光学变焦新方案

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"这篇论文详细探讨了紧凑型数码相机中采用镜组模块化的光学变焦系统设计。通过利用镜头模块和三阶像差理论，提出了一种新的三组内对焦变焦系统的优化设计方法。文章由Sung-Chan Park、Yong-Joo Jo、Byoung-Taek You和Sang-Hun Lee撰写，发表在2007年5月的《韩国物理学会期刊》第50卷第5期，页码1243～1251。" 在当前数字化时代，紧凑型数码相机因其便携性和高画质而广受欢迎。光学变焦是这类相机的核心功能之一，它允许用户在不改变拍摄距离的情况下改变焦距，从而实现远近拍摄的灵活性。论文中提出的光学变焦系统设计，重点在于利用镜头模块化，这是一种将复杂光学系统分解为多个独立模块的设计策略。首先，设计者通过分配合适的初等量和三阶像差给每个模块，同时考虑满足最优解所需的约束条件，来确定变焦系统的初始设计。这种方法允许更灵活地平衡各种光学性能，如图像质量、光圈大小和焦距范围。论文中提到的初始设计覆盖了4.3到12.9毫米的焦距范围，这涵盖了宽角到中长焦的常见应用需求。接着，通过自动设计方法而非传统的分析方法，分别对每个组的镜片进行设计，然后将这些单独设计的镜片组合起来，构建实际的变焦系统。这种分离设计和组合的方法确保了最终系统能够在保持原有镜头模块基本特性的同时，满足变焦系统的基本要求，包括像差控制、变焦过程中的稳定性以及在整个焦距范围内保持良好的成像质量。此外，论文可能还深入讨论了各个模块在变焦过程中如何协同工作，如何调整其相对位置和移动方式以实现平滑无损的变焦效果。同时，为了实现紧凑型相机的需求，可能还涉及了对体积、重量和成本的优化考虑。这篇研究为紧凑型数码相机的光学变焦系统设计提供了创新的解决方案，通过模块化设计和自动设计方法，提高了设计效率和系统性能。这一设计思路对于未来数码相机的光学系统改进和小型化具有重要指导意义。

Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 50, No. 5, May 2007, pp. 1243∼1251

Optical Zoom System Design for Compact Digital Camera

Using Lens Modules

Sung-Chan Park,

∗

Yong-Joo Jo, Byoung-Taek You and Sang-Hun Lee

Department of Physics, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714

(Received 5 February 2007)

By use of lens modules and third-order ab e rration theory, a new design approach can be applied

to the three-group inner-focus zoom system. The optimum initial design satisfying the speciﬁc

requirements and its real lens design from the lens modules are presented. An initial design with

a focal length range of 4.3 to 12.9 mm is derived by assigning appropriate ﬁrst-order quantities

and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for the optimum

solutions. By using an automatic design method rather than analytic approaches, we separately

designed a real lens for each group at given conjugates and then combined them to establish an

actual zoom system. The combination of the separately designed groups results in a system that

satisﬁes the basic properties of the zoom system consisting of the original lens modules. When the

ab e rrations are balanced, the ﬁnally designed three-group zoom lens is expected to fulﬁll all the

requirements of a compact digital zoom camera.

PACS numbers: 42.15.Eq, 42.15.Fr

Keywords: Lens module, Aberrations, Digital zoom camera

I. INTRODUCTION

The zoom lens design is usually divided into two tasks.

One is paraxial studies based on thin-lens theory, which

give the ﬁrst-order parameters, such as the focal length

of each group, the zoom ratio, the focal length range, the

zooming locus, etc. The other is to set up the zoom lens

system from the paraxial studies and balance aberrations

[1–5]. These approaches, however, have several disadvan-

tages. It is diﬃcult to determine if the solutions obtained

from paraxial studies satisfy all the requirements for the

zoom lens, such as packaging constraints, speciﬁcations,

overall length, and so on. Since the aberrations of this

starting zoom lens are not corrected, aberration balanc-

ing at all zoom positions requires much more eﬀort in

the design of multi- group zoom systems.

The diﬃculties due to paraxial analyses can be over-

come by using the lens module design reported by

Stavroudis and Mercado [6], Kuper and Rimmer [7], and

Park and Lee [8]. Lens modules are the mathemati-

cal constructs that can model a complex optical sys-

tem without actually doing the detailed design. The lens

modules disc ussed by Kuper and Rimmer are based on

mock ray tracing, which consists of tracing rays through

a lens speciﬁed by one of its eikonal function rather than

its curvature, thickness, and indices. Lens modules can

be used as a starting point for the design of a real lens and

to model an arbitrary lens from measurable quantities

∗

E-mail: scpark@dankook.ac.kr; Fax: +82-41-550-3429

without detailed prescriptions. Zoom lens design using

lens modules has the following advantages: modules can

be used for each of the moving groups, and the param-

eters deﬁning the speciﬁcations, the third-order aberra-

tion characteristics, and the positions of the groups for

zooming can be varied to obtain the optimum design sat-

isfying the requirements.

In this paper, lens modules and aberration theory are

used to discuss the optimum initial design of three-group

inner-focus zoom lenses. This initial zoom system is de-

signed to satisfy speciﬁc requirements, and the real lens

designs are obtained from the lens modules by using an

automatic design method. In this process, the real lens

for each group is quickly designed to match the ﬁrst-

and third-order aberrations of the module. Compared to

an analytic design, this approach can dramatically save

time and eﬀort. Thus, the separately designed groups

are then combined to form an actual zoom lens. Finally,

residual aberration balancing results in a zoom lens that

has enough performance over a range of f-number from

3.2 at the wide-ﬁeld extreme to 4.5 at the narrow-ﬁeld

extreme positions. This zoom lens is expected to fulﬁll

all requirements of a compact digital zoom camera.

II. LENS MODULE DESIGN FOR THE

THREE-GROUP INNER-FOCUS ZOOM

SYSTEM

The layout of the three-group inner-focus zoom system

is shown in Figure 1. From the object to the image side,

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